structure of the lungs

Question 1

What type of cartilage are the C-shaped rings of the trachea made up of?

Answer 1

hyaline cartilage

Question 2

where does the trachea start and end?

Answer 2

starts at C-6 and ends at T4/5

Question 3

what is the name of the muscle that runs down the back of the trachea, allowing some construction in diameter of the trachea?

Answer 3

trachealis muscle

Question 4

what is the tracheobronchia tree?

Answer 4

the point where the trachea separates into bronchi

Question 5

what is the difference between the left and right bronchus?

Answer 5

the right bronchus is more in line with the trachea and is slightly larger in diameter, therefore it is more likely to become infected by foreign bodies.

Question 6

how many lobes do the left and right lungs have respectively?

Answer 6

the left has two, the right has three

Question 7

what is the name of the arteries that supply the lungs with blood?

Answer 7

the bronchial arteries

Question 8

what is the purpose of the decreasing diameter of the bronchioles?

Answer 8

to increase surface area

Question 9

what type of epithelium is found in the trachea?

Answer 9

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium, interspersed with goblet cells to produce mucus

Question 10

how much mucous is produced per day on average?

Answer 10

1 litre

Question 11

what happens to the shape of the epithelium further down the respiratory tract?

Answer 11

they become flatter and lose cilia and goblet cells

Question 12

what is the differences in structure between the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 12

the bronchi contain plates of cartilage and the bronchioles contain a layer of smooth muscle which can narrow the bronchioles, especially in athsma

Question 13

what are pleura?

Answer 13

double layered membranes that cover organs

Question 14

what is the surface of pleura which is in contact with the lungs called?

Answer 14

visceral

Question 15

what is the name of the surface of the pleura which is in contact with the ribs?

Answer 15

parietal

Question 16

what is the oblique fissure?

Answer 16

the lower separation of the lobes in left and right lungs

Question 17

what is the lingula?

Answer 17

a tongue like extension a the bottom corner of the left lung

Question 18

what is the cardiac notch?

Answer 18

a space in the left lung that houses the heart

Question 19

what is the hilum?

Answer 19

structure at the back of lungs which provides an entry and exit point for blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Question 20

what is the separation of the medial and superior lobes of the right lung called?

Answer 20

horizontal fissure

Question 21

where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 21

located above the clavicle

Question 22

where do the lungs end at the inferior side?

Answer 22

2 rib spaces above the end of the ribs

Question 23

what are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 23

internal intercostal and external intercostal muscles: these raise and expand the ribs during inspiration.

Question 24

what is the diaphragm composed of?

Answer 24

two domes: each is surrounded by muscle and has tendons on the inside