Structure Of The Human Gas Exchange System Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the volume of oxygen absorbed and the volume of co2 removed large in mammals ?

A

They are relatively large organisms with a large volume of living cells

They maintain a high body temperature which is related to them having high metabolic and respiratory rates

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2
Q

Why are lungs located inside the body

A

Air is not dense enough to support and protect these delicate structures

The body as a whole would otherwise lose a great deal of water and dry out

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3
Q

What’s the structure and function of the lungs

A

Made up of highly branched tubules called bronchioles, which end in tiny air sacs called alveoli

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4
Q

What’s the structure and function of the trachea

A

Flexible airway that is supported by rings of cartilage

Which prevents the trachea collapsing as the air pressure inside falls when breathing in

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5
Q

What’s the structure and function of the bronchi

A

Two divisions of the trachea, each leading to one lung

Produce mucus to trap dirt particles and have cilia that move the dirt laden mucus towards the throat

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6
Q

What’s the structure and function of the bronchioles

A

Series of branching subdivisions of the bronchi

Walls made of muscle lines with epithelial cells - allowing them to constrict so that they can control the flow of air in and out of the alveoli

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7
Q

What’s the structure and function of the alveoli

A

Minute air sacs at the end of bronchioles

Between alveoli there is collagen and elastic fibres - allow alveoli to stretch as they fill with air when breathing in

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8
Q

State 2 reasons why humans need to absorb large volumes of oxygen from the lungs

A

Humans have a large volume of cells

High metabolic rate

High body temp

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9
Q

List in sequence all the structures that air passes through on its journey from the gas exchange surface of the lungs to the nose

A

Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchus, trachea, nose

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10
Q

Explain how cells lining the trachea and bronchus protect the alveoli

A

Cells produce mucus that traps air particles of dirt and bacteria in the air breathed in

Cilia on these cells move this debris up the trachea and into the stomach

The dirt/bacteria could cause infection in the alveoli

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