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anatomy > Structure of the Human Body > Flashcards

Structure of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

four categories of the human body

A

cells, organs, tissues, systems

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2
Q

cells

A

basic unit of all living things

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3
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells performing a specific task

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4
Q

organs

A

two or more kinds of tissue, together performing

special body functions

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5
Q

systems

A

groups of organs working together to perform

complex body functions

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6
Q

cell membrane

A

Surrounds and protects the individual cell

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7
Q

nucleus

A

Small, round structure within the cell containing

chromosomes and nucleoplasm (DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] and RNA [ribonucleic acid])

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8
Q

chromosome

A

Linear strand made of DNA carrying genetic

information

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9
Q

cytology

A

Study of cells including the formation, structure,

and function of cells

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10
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

Contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis

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11
Q

gene

A

Specific segment of base pairs in chromosomes; functional unit of heredity

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12
Q

mitosis

A

Cells divide and multiply to form two cells

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13
Q

body cavities

A

cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pevic

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14
Q

Thoracic or Chest cavity

A

The space containing the heart,

lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus

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15
Q

abdominal cavity

A

The space containing the lower portion
of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines (excluding the sigmoid colon and rectum), kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

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16
Q

four categories of abdominal cavity

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

17
Q

pelvic cavity

A

The space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum

18
Q

membranes / 5 types

A

mucous, serous, synovial, meninges, cutaneous

19
Q

mucous membrane definition and function

A

line the interior walls of the organs and tubes opening to the outside of the body ; involved in absorption and secretion

20
Q

serous membrane definition and function

A

line cavities, including the thoracic cavity and internal organs (eg, heart). support internal organs and compartmentalize the large cavities to hinder spread of infection

21
Q

synovial membrane definition and function

A

line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue ; lubricates the ends of bones, so they can move freely

22
Q

meninges

A

found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord

23
Q

cutaneous membrane definition and function

A

forms the outer covering of the body ; skin

24
Q

integumentary system structures

A

skin, hair, nails

25
Q

Epidermis

A

composed of four to five layers (depending on

location) called stratum, usually on palms of hands or soles of feet

26
Q

stratum corneum (layer of epidermis)

A

Also called the horny layer; outermost layer

27
Q

Stratum Lucidum (Palms and Soles) (layer of epidermis)

A

clear layer

28
Q

Stratum Granulosum (layer of epidermis)

A

Granular layer of cells ; contains two types of granules; keratohyaline granules, and lamellated granules

29
Q

Stratum Spinosum (layer of epidermis)

A

Composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection

30
Q

Stratum Basale (Stratum Germinativum)

A

Deepest of the five layers and made of basal cells

31
Q

Dermis

A

located deeper, just under the epidermis. It has

two strata

32
Q

stratum papillare

A

Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis

33
Q

Stratum Reticulare

A

Thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue

34
Q

allograft

A

graft transplanted from one person to another

who is not genetically identical; also called an allogeneic skin graft

35
Q

autologous

A

Obtained from the patient as both the donor and

recipient

36
Q

cutaneous

A

Pertaining to the skin

anatomy (4 decks)

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