Structure of Synovial Joints, movements and classifications

Question 1

What are the general structures of Synovial joints?

Answer 1

Connective tissue: sits above joint capsules, cartilage, synovial fluid and membrane
Ligaments: capsular, extracapsular and intracapsular
Tendons: Part of muscle and join to bone

Question 2

What are the specialised structures of Synovial joints?

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular joint: intraarticular discs that increase surface area and congruence of joint
Right knee sagittal dissection: meniscus, fat pads and bursae that prevent inflammation
Right scapula: labrum and intracapsular tendons

Question 3

What joints predominate the Axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Bony (synostoses), Fibrous (synarthroses) and Cartilaginous (amphiarthroses). These don’t move well or at all

Question 4

What joints predominate the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

Synovial (diarthroses) and Nonaxial, Uniaxial, Biaxial and Multiaxial. These are freely moveable joints

Question 5

What is a Bony joint?

Answer 5

Also known as Synostoses. The fusion of two bones. Typically fusion of epiphysis to diaphysis

Question 6

What is a Fibrous joint?

Answer 6

Also known as Synarthroses.. Permits very little or no movement under normal conditions

Question 7

What is a Cartilaginous joint?

Answer 7

Also known as amphiarthroses. Complex fibrocartilaginous structure located between and connecting two adjacent bones. Slightly moveable

Question 8

What are the structural classifications of Synovial joints?

Answer 8

Ball and Socket (3 Axes)
Condylar (2 Axes) & Ellipsoid (2 Axes)
Saddle (2 Axes)
Hinge (1 Axes)
Pivot (1 Axes)
Plane (Gliding) (0 Axes)

Question 9

What are the Synovial joints of the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 9

Temporomandibular
Sternoclavicular
Intervertebral (facet joint between two vertebrae)
Costovertebral
Costotransverse

Question 10

What are the Synovial joints of the upper Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 10

Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Elbow: Humeroulnar Humeroradial
Proximal Radioulnar
Distal Radioulnar
Radiocarpal (wrist)
Intercarpal
1st Carpometacarpal (thumb)
2nd to 5th Carpometacarpal
1st Metacarpophalangeal (thumb)
2nd to 5th Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal (thumb)
Proximal Interphalangeal (2nd to 5th)
Distal Interphalangeal (2nd to 5th)

Question 11

What are the Synovial joints of the lower Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 11

Hip (acetabulofemoral)
Knee (tibiofemoral)
Knee (femoropatellar)
Superior Tibiofibular
Inferior Tibiofibular
Talocrural (ankle)
Intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal