structure of respiratory system

Question 1

nose - structure and function

Answer 1

air enters the body through the nose/mouth
the lining of the nose is convoluted and lined by mucus membranes that warm and humidify air
hairs and mucus lining helps prevent debris from entering lungs

Question 2

pharynx - structure and function

Answer 2

(throat)
- region from the nasal cavity to the top of the trachea and oesophagus
- air travels through pharynx before being diverted into the trachea by the epiglottis

Question 3

epiglottis - structure and function

Answer 3

a flap of elastic cartilage
- during inhalation, epiglottis covers oesophagus and guides air into trachea
- when swallowing, epiglottis covers larynx preventing food from entering it

Question 4

larynx - structure and function

Answer 4

cartilage structure joining the pharynx and trachea
- contains vocal cords, voice box

Question 5

trachea - structure and function

Answer 5

(windpipe)
carries the air into and out of lungs
at its base, splits into 2 branches, each taking air into lung
- contains mucis and cilia that line the trachea that prevent and move out debris and mucus out of trachea

Question 6

bronchi

Answer 6

at ends of trachea, splits into two primary bronchi
- these then split further into secondary bronchi that continue to divide into tertiary bronchi
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Question 7

bronchioles

Answer 7

Very fine tubes with walls of smooth muscle. The finest end in groups of air sacs (alveoli).
- allows the control of airflow in the lungs

Question 8

lungs
- pleura and pleural membrane

Answer 8

two lungs that take up majority of chest cavity
- membrane called pleura covers the surface of the lungs and lines inside of chest
- pleural fluid holds lungs against the inside of the chest and allows them to slide along the wall when breathing

Question 9

alveoli

Answer 9

the smallest bronchioles open into clusters of tint air sacs called alveoli
- functional units of the lungs, surface for gas exchange