Structure of Peripheral Nerves Flashcards
What surrounds individual neurons?
Individual neurons are surrounded by the endoneurium.
What surrounds groups of neurons bundled into fascicles?
Groups of neurons are bundled into fascicles that are surrounded by perineurium.
What surrounds bundles of fascicles?
Bundles of fascicles are surrounded by epineurium.
What is mononeuropathy?
Mononeuropathy involves one nerve; it is focal and usually traumatic.
What are the classes of traumatic mononeuropathy?
Class 1: traumatic myelinopathy; Class 2: traumatic axonopathy; Class 3: traumatic severance.
What is Class 1 traumatic myelinopathy?
Class 1: traumatic myelinopathy involves compression, vibration, or stretch (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome).
What is Class 2 traumatic axonopathy?
Class 2: traumatic axonopathy involves crushing or damage to the axon with Wallerian degeneration.
What is Class 3 traumatic severance?
Class 3: traumatic severance involves degeneration of both myelin and axon.
What is multiple mononeuropathy?
Multiple mononeuropathy involves multiple single nerves injured, often in different areas of the body.
often seen in diabetes and blood vessel inflammation
What is polyneuropathy?
Polyneuropathy involves many nerves affected, often in the same area of the body.
What pattern is commonly seen in polyneuropathy?
Affected areas in polyneuropathy show a stocking-glove pattern.
What are common causes of polyneuropathy?
Polyneuropathy is commonly caused by toxins, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disorders.
What is myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition featuring removal of ACh receptors on skeletal muscle, leading to progressive weakness.
What is botulism?
Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, which interferes with the release of ACh, leading to acute progressive weakness and loss of stretch reflexes.
What is a therapeutic use of botulinum toxin?
Botulinum toxin is used therapeutically in BOTOX injections for cases of muscle spasticity.
