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Neurophysiology > Structure of Nervous system (cranial nerves) > Flashcards

Structure of Nervous system (cranial nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

crevice/trench on brain surface

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2
Q

What is the gyrus?

A

ridge on the brain surface

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3
Q

What is the the foramina?

A

hole to allow structures to pass through

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4
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

lines ventricle system and produces CSF

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5
Q

What are Falx cerebri?

A

longitudinal crescent-shaped fold of dura between the cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

What are tentorium cerebelli?

A

extension of the dura mater that seperates the cerebrum from cerebellum
-seperates cerebellum from inferior portion of occipital lobes

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7
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

system filled with CSF in the brain

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8
Q

What is a sinus?

A

sac/cavity in organ/tissue (e.g. frontal sinus, cavity containing air)

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9
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

saddle shaped depression in sphenoid bone housing pituitary gland

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10
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

“Brain”

-upper most region of nervous system, containing white and grey

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11
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

the “little brain” in the back of the brain (hindbrain)

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12
Q

What are meninges?

A

3 membrane layers covering the brain consisting of:

  • dura
  • arachnoid
  • pia mater
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13
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22 bones (8 cranial, 14 facial)

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14
Q

How are bones of the skull joined?

A

by sutures

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15
Q

What kind of joint is a suture joint?

A

syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

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16
Q

What is the Cribriform plate?

A

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

17
Q

Describe the structure of the Meninges layers.

A

Outermost- dura mater
>very thick

Middle- arachnoid
>thin- difficult to see
>important because it is site of blood brain barrier and there is direct communication between CSF and blood

Innermost- pia mater

18
Q

What is the Telencephalon?

A

cerebral hemispheres

-2 telencephalons

19
Q

What are the Major Brain Lobes?

A

· Frontal lobe- mood and personality
· Temporal lobe- auditory information
· Parietal lobe- sensation, motor cortex
· Occipital lobe- vision

20
Q

What is the Metencephalon?

A

Cerebellum
-balance, dexterity, coordination

Pons
-connection from spinal cord to the brain

21
Q

What is the Mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain

-motor movements, visual and auditory processing

22
Q

What is the Myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

-respiratory and cardiovascular control centres

23
Q

What is the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus + Hypothalamus

24
Q

What is the Dural Venous Sinus?

A

Venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain which drain the cranium

*don’t mistake these sinuses for air filled spaces

25
Q

What is the Superior/Inferior Sagittal Sinus?

A

dural venous sinuses which run along the superior and inferior border of the falx cerebri
-collect blood from the brain and direct it into internal jugular

26
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses that allow CSF entrance from the subarachnoid space into the venous system (communication between CSF and blood)

27
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

specialised interface between circulating blood and the CNS

protects the CNS by allowing certain types of molecules to pass

28
Q

Why do veins in the brain not have valves?

A

to allow the free-flow of blood

29
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

four interconnected ventricles in the brain, each containing a region of choroid plexus involved in the production of CSF

this system is part of the blood brain barrier

30
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

between brain stem and cerebellum

31
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

A

diencephalon

32
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

A

within cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

What is the brain stem composed of?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

34
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

35
Q

What is the Olfactory Nerve (CN I)?

A

originates from olfactory bulb and enters skull through cribriform plate, innervating nasal cavity

36
Q

What is the role of the Optic Nerve (CN II)?

A

transmits visual information from the retina to the brain

37
Q

What is the role of the Vagus Nerve (CN X)?

A

originates from medulla and innervates many different tissues; important for sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation throughout the body

Neurophysiology (10 decks)

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