Structure of matter periodic table

Question 1

how many known elements

Answer 1

114, 1-98 natural elements

Question 2

how is the periodic table arranged

Answer 2

number of protons in nucleus
electron configuration
physical & chemical properties

Question 3

what is a row called

Answer 3

period
decreasing atomic radius, increasing ionization energy
# of electron shells

Question 4

what are the columns called

Answer 4

groups
similar physical/chemical properties (families)
same # of electrons in the valence shell

Question 5

group 1 (IA)

Answer 5

alkali metals (except H)
soft metals
combine readily with oxygen
react violently with water

Question 6

Group 17 (VIIA)

Answer 6

halogens
easily vaporized
combine with metals to form water-soluble salts

Question 7

Group 18 (VIIIA)

Answer 7

noble gases

highly resistant to reaction with other elements

Question 8

Z

Answer 8

atomic number
increases left to right, top to bottom
Z = # of protons

Question 9

atomic charge

Answer 9

# of protons in nucleus (+ charge) - # of electrons orbiting nucleus (-charge) = total charge of atom
#p - #e = charge
ex. atom with 5 protons and 6 electrons
5-6= -1, a charge of -1
atom with 10 protons and 8 electrons
10-8 = 2, charge of +2

Question 10

atomic normal state

Answer 10

neutral atom
zero total charge
#e = #p

Question 11

ionized atom

Answer 11

any non-zero charge + or -

any atom with a positive or negative charge in an ionized atom

Question 12

atomic nomenclature

Answer 12

A
  X
Z
X= element
A= atomic mass number (protons + neutrons)
Z= atomic number

12 C= element (carbon)
C 12= atomic mass number (number of
6 nucleons)
6= atomic number

Question 13

mass number

Answer 13

sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope

Question 14

isotope

Answer 14

same atomic number Z

Question 15

isotone

Answer 15

same neutron number

Question 16

isobar

Answer 16

same atomic mass number A (number of nucleons)

Question 17

isomer

Answer 17

same Z (atomic number) same A (atomic mass number)
but a metastable (unstable) energy state