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7th grade science SCMS > Structure of Life > Flashcards

Structure of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which scientist named the cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Which scientist discovered that all cells come from other cells?

A

Rudolph Virchow

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3
Q

Which scientist discovered that all plants are made of cells?

A

Mathias Schleiden

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4
Q

Which scientist discovered that all animals are made of cells?

A

Theodor Schwann

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5
Q

Which scientist improved the microscope, and viewed
bacteria, protozoa, and red blood
cells

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

Which theory states that:
1) All organisms are composed of cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of life.
3) All cells result from the division of previously existing living cells.

A

Cell Theory

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7
Q

Name the three basic functions of a cell.

A

Metabolism, Response, Homeostasis

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8
Q

An organism that makes its own food is called an?

A

Autotroph

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9
Q

An organism that obtains its food from eating other organisms is called a? (Not a consumer)

A

Heterotroph

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10
Q

When an organism consists of a single cell it is called?

A

Unicellular

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11
Q

When an organisms consists of multiple cells it is called?

A

Multicellular

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12
Q

An organism that does NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus is called?

A

Prokaryotic

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13
Q

An organism that has membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus are called?

A

Eukaryotic

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14
Q

The study of genetics is called?

A

Heredity

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15
Q

The Father of modern genetics is?

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q

List the following from smallest to biggest: Chromosome, Genes, Nucleus, DNA

(Remember Good, Dogs, Cuddle, Nightly)

A

Genes, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus

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17
Q

What type of allele shows their effect when
only one copy of the allele is present?
Hint (Aa, or AA)

A

Dominant

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18
Q

What type of allele only shows their effect when two copies of the allele are present? (aa)

A

Recessive

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19
Q

What is a trait that is passed down from the parents called?

A

Inherited trait

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20
Q

carries two copies of the same dominant
allele (BB)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

A

Homozygous Dominant

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21
Q

carries two copies of the same recessive
allele (bb)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

A

Homozygous Recessive

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22
Q

carries two different alleles (Bb)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

A

Heterozygous Dominant

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23
Q

The diagram used by geneticists to
determine the probability (chance) of an
offspring having a particular phenotype is called?

(Four boxes)

A

Punnett Square

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24
Q

What do we call the appearance of a trait (what we see)?

A

Phenotype

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25
Q

What do we call the set of alleles of a trait (Aa)?

A

Genotype

26
Q

The transfer of traits from one generation to another is called?

The key word here is generation! The answer is NOT inherited trait.

A

Heredity

27
Q

What do we call a trait that we gain because of our environment? A trait we do not inherit?

A

Acquired trait

28
Q

What do we call tightly
packed DNA, found only
during cell division? (Hint: X)

A

Chromosome

29
Q

What type of cell division results in two cells that are IDENTICAL to the parent cell?

A

Mitosis

30
Q

What type of cell division involves ONE set of stages?

A

Mitosis

31
Q

What type of cell division creates new cells for growth and repair? (Not reproduction)

A

Mitosis

32
Q

What type of cell division is used for reproduction?

A

Meiosis

33
Q

What type of cell division results in a variety of genetically DIFFERENT offspring?

A

Meiosis

34
Q

What type of cell division goes through TWO sets of stages?

A

Meiosis

35
Q

What do we call a Tiny cellular structure that performs
specific functions within a cell

A

Organelle

36
Q

Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.

A

Cell Wall, Chloroplast

37
Q

Which organelle is a rigid, strong, stiff outer layer that supports plants?

A

Cell Wall

38
Q

Which organelles that are found in both plant and animal cells control what comes in and out of the cell?

A

Cell Membrane

39
Q

Which organelle controls all the cell’s activities and holds the DNA?
Hint: Brain of the cell

A

Nucleus

40
Q

Which substance is a clear, thick, jelly-like material that protects the other organelles?

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules into energy? Hint: Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

Which organelle stores food and water for cells?

A

Vacuoles

43
Q

Which organelle that is only found in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

44
Q

What does the word Pro -Kary mean?

A

before nucleus

45
Q

What does the word Eu-Kary mean?

A

true nucleus

46
Q

What do BOTH Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have?

A

DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

47
Q

A cell is unicellular, has no nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?

A

Prokaryotic

48
Q

A cell is unicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?

A

Eukaryotic

49
Q

A cell is multicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces sexually. What type of cell is this?

A

Eukaryotic

50
Q

What is the process that plants use to make food called?

A

Photosynthesis

51
Q

What two substances are needed for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

52
Q

What two substances are products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen

53
Q

What substance gives plants their green pigment and absorbs energy from sunlight?

A

Chlorophyll

54
Q

Through what do gases enter a plant?

A

Stoma or Stomata

55
Q

What kind of transport tissue takes water through the roots up to the leaf?

A

Xylem

56
Q

What kind of transport tissue carries sugar from the leaf to the rest of the plant?

A

Phloem

57
Q

What process do plants use to access the energy from the sugar they made?

A

Respiration

58
Q

What process do plants use that only occurs in the light?

A

Photosynthesis

59
Q

What process do plants use that can happen any time of day?

A

Respiration

60
Q

Why do we see plant leaves as the color green?

A

Green light is reflected

7th grade science SCMS (1 decks)

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