Structure of Life Flashcards
Which scientist named the cell?
Robert Hooke
Which scientist discovered that all cells come from other cells?
Rudolph Virchow
Which scientist discovered that all plants are made of cells?
Mathias Schleiden
Which scientist discovered that all animals are made of cells?
Theodor Schwann
Which scientist improved the microscope, and viewed
bacteria, protozoa, and red blood
cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Which theory states that:
1) All organisms are composed of cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of life.
3) All cells result from the division of previously existing living cells.
Cell Theory
Name the three basic functions of a cell.
Metabolism, Response, Homeostasis
An organism that makes its own food is called an?
Autotroph
An organism that obtains its food from eating other organisms is called a? (Not a consumer)
Heterotroph
When an organism consists of a single cell it is called?
Unicellular
When an organisms consists of multiple cells it is called?
Multicellular
An organism that does NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus is called?
Prokaryotic
An organism that has membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus are called?
Eukaryotic
The study of genetics is called?
Heredity
The Father of modern genetics is?
Gregor Mendel
List the following from smallest to biggest: Chromosome, Genes, Nucleus, DNA
(Remember Good, Dogs, Cuddle, Nightly)
Genes, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus
What type of allele shows their effect when
only one copy of the allele is present?
Hint (Aa, or AA)
Dominant
What type of allele only shows their effect when two copies of the allele are present? (aa)
Recessive
What is a trait that is passed down from the parents called?
Inherited trait
carries two copies of the same dominant
allele (BB)
Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive
Homozygous Dominant
carries two copies of the same recessive
allele (bb)
Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive
Homozygous Recessive
carries two different alleles (Bb)
Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive
Heterozygous Dominant
The diagram used by geneticists to
determine the probability (chance) of an
offspring having a particular phenotype is called?
(Four boxes)
Punnett Square
What do we call the appearance of a trait (what we see)?
Phenotype
What do we call the set of alleles of a trait (Aa)?
Genotype
The transfer of traits from one generation to another is called?
The key word here is generation! The answer is NOT inherited trait.
Heredity
What do we call a trait that we gain because of our environment? A trait we do not inherit?
Acquired trait
What do we call tightly
packed DNA, found only
during cell division? (Hint: X)
Chromosome
What type of cell division results in two cells that are IDENTICAL to the parent cell?
Mitosis
What type of cell division involves ONE set of stages?
Mitosis
What type of cell division creates new cells for growth and repair? (Not reproduction)
Mitosis
What type of cell division is used for reproduction?
Meiosis
What type of cell division results in a variety of genetically DIFFERENT offspring?
Meiosis
What type of cell division goes through TWO sets of stages?
Meiosis
What do we call a Tiny cellular structure that performs
specific functions within a cell
Organelle
Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.
Cell Wall, Chloroplast
Which organelle is a rigid, strong, stiff outer layer that supports plants?
Cell Wall
Which organelles that are found in both plant and animal cells control what comes in and out of the cell?
Cell Membrane
Which organelle controls all the cell’s activities and holds the DNA?
Hint: Brain of the cell
Nucleus
Which substance is a clear, thick, jelly-like material that protects the other organelles?
Cytoplasm
Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules into energy? Hint: Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Which organelle stores food and water for cells?
Vacuoles
Which organelle that is only found in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What does the word Pro -Kary mean?
before nucleus
What does the word Eu-Kary mean?
true nucleus
What do BOTH Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have?
DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm
A cell is unicellular, has no nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?
Prokaryotic
A cell is unicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?
Eukaryotic
A cell is multicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces sexually. What type of cell is this?
Eukaryotic
What is the process that plants use to make food called?
Photosynthesis
What two substances are needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
What two substances are products of photosynthesis?
Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen
What substance gives plants their green pigment and absorbs energy from sunlight?
Chlorophyll
Through what do gases enter a plant?
Stoma or Stomata
What kind of transport tissue takes water through the roots up to the leaf?
Xylem
What kind of transport tissue carries sugar from the leaf to the rest of the plant?
Phloem
What process do plants use to access the energy from the sugar they made?
Respiration
What process do plants use that only occurs in the light?
Photosynthesis
What process do plants use that can happen any time of day?
Respiration
Why do we see plant leaves as the color green?
Green light is reflected
