Structure of Life

Question 1

Which scientist named the cell?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Which scientist discovered that all cells come from other cells?

Answer 2

Rudolph Virchow

Question 3

Which scientist discovered that all plants are made of cells?

Answer 3

Mathias Schleiden

Question 4

Which scientist discovered that all animals are made of cells?

Answer 4

Theodor Schwann

Question 5

Which scientist improved the microscope, and viewed
bacteria, protozoa, and red blood
cells

Answer 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 6

Which theory states that:
1) All organisms are composed of cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of life.
3) All cells result from the division of previously existing living cells.

Answer 6

Cell Theory

Question 7

Name the three basic functions of a cell.

Answer 7

Metabolism, Response, Homeostasis

Question 8

An organism that makes its own food is called an?

Answer 8

Autotroph

Question 9

An organism that obtains its food from eating other organisms is called a? (Not a consumer)

Answer 9

Heterotroph

Question 10

When an organism consists of a single cell it is called?

Answer 10

Unicellular

Question 11

When an organisms consists of multiple cells it is called?

Answer 11

Multicellular

Question 12

An organism that does NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus is called?

Answer 12

Prokaryotic

Question 13

An organism that has membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus are called?

Answer 13

Eukaryotic

Question 14

The study of genetics is called?

Answer 14

Heredity

Question 15

The Father of modern genetics is?

Answer 15

Gregor Mendel

Question 16

List the following from smallest to biggest: Chromosome, Genes, Nucleus, DNA

(Remember Good, Dogs, Cuddle, Nightly)

Answer 16

Genes, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus

Question 17

What type of allele shows their effect when
only one copy of the allele is present?
Hint (Aa, or AA)

Answer 17

Dominant

Question 18

What type of allele only shows their effect when two copies of the allele are present? (aa)

Answer 18

Recessive

Question 19

What is a trait that is passed down from the parents called?

Answer 19

Inherited trait

Question 20

carries two copies of the same dominant
allele (BB)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

Answer 20

Homozygous Dominant

Question 21

carries two copies of the same recessive
allele (bb)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

Answer 21

Homozygous Recessive

Question 22

carries two different alleles (Bb)

Homozygous - Same
Heterozygous - Different
Capital Letter - Dominant
Lowercase letter -Recessive

Answer 22

Heterozygous Dominant

Question 23

The diagram used by geneticists to
determine the probability (chance) of an
offspring having a particular phenotype is called?

(Four boxes)

Answer 23

Punnett Square

Question 24

What do we call the appearance of a trait (what we see)?

Answer 24

Phenotype

Question 25

What do we call the set of alleles of a trait (Aa)?

Answer 25

Genotype

Question 26

The transfer of traits from one generation to another is called? The key word here is generation! The answer is NOT inherited trait.

Answer 26

Heredity

Question 27

What do we call a trait that we gain because of our environment? A trait we do not inherit?

Answer 27

Acquired trait

Question 28

What do we call tightly packed DNA, found only during cell division? (Hint: X)

Answer 28

Chromosome

Question 29

What type of cell division results in two cells that are IDENTICAL to the parent cell?

Answer 29

Mitosis

Question 30

What type of cell division involves ONE set of stages?

Answer 30

Mitosis

Question 31

What type of cell division creates new cells for growth and repair? (Not reproduction)

Answer 31

Mitosis

Question 32

What type of cell division is used for reproduction?

Answer 32

Meiosis

Question 33

What type of cell division results in a variety of genetically DIFFERENT offspring?

Answer 33

Meiosis

Question 34

What type of cell division goes through TWO sets of stages?

Answer 34

Meiosis

Question 35

What do we call a Tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell

Answer 35

Organelle

Question 36

Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.

Answer 36

Cell Wall, Chloroplast

Question 37

Which organelle is a rigid, strong, stiff outer layer that supports plants?

Answer 37

Cell Wall

Question 38

Which organelles that are found in both plant and animal cells control what comes in and out of the cell?

Answer 38

Cell Membrane

Question 39

Which organelle controls all the cell's activities and holds the DNA? Hint: Brain of the cell

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

Which substance is a clear, thick, jelly-like material that protects the other organelles?

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules into energy? Hint: Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Which organelle stores food and water for cells?

Answer 42

Vacuoles

Question 43

Which organelle that is only found in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

Answer 43

Chloroplast

Question 44

What does the word Pro -Kary mean?

Answer 44

before nucleus

Question 45

What does the word Eu-Kary mean?

Answer 45

true nucleus

Question 46

What do BOTH Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 46

DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

Question 47

A cell is unicellular, has no nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?

Answer 47

Prokaryotic

Question 48

A cell is unicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces asexually. What type of cell is this?

Answer 48

Eukaryotic

Question 49

A cell is multicellular, has a nucleus, and reproduces sexually. What type of cell is this?

Answer 49

Eukaryotic

Question 50

What is the process that plants use to make food called?

Answer 50

Photosynthesis

Question 51

What two substances are needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 51

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 52

What two substances are products of photosynthesis?

Answer 52

Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen

Question 53

What substance gives plants their green pigment and absorbs energy from sunlight?

Answer 53

Chlorophyll

Question 54

Through what do gases enter a plant?

Answer 54

Stoma or Stomata

Question 55

What kind of transport tissue takes water through the roots up to the leaf?

Answer 55

Xylem

Question 56

What kind of transport tissue carries sugar from the leaf to the rest of the plant?

Answer 56

Phloem

Question 57

What process do plants use to access the energy from the sugar they made?

Answer 57

Respiration

Question 58

What process do plants use that only occurs in the light?

Answer 58

Photosynthesis

Question 59

What process do plants use that can happen any time of day?

Answer 59

Respiration

Question 60

Why do we see plant leaves as the color green?

Answer 60

Green light is reflected