Structure of flowering plants

Question 1

Describe dermal tissue

Answer 1

Forms the covering layer on the plant. Its function is protective. root hairs on the dermis are designed to absorb water
The waxy cuticle on leaves and most stems prevent water loss

Question 2

Describe ground tissue

Answer 2

between dermal and vascular tissues. Gives strength and support. Makes up the bulk of a young plant

Question 3

Describe vascular tissue

Answer 3

consists of xylem and phloegm. Its function is to transport materials throughout the plant.

Question 4

Functions of roots

Answer 4

1. To anchor the plant in the soil
2. To absorb water and mineral salts from the soil. This is done by the root hairs
3. To transport the absorbed materials to the shoots
4. Some roots store food eg carrots, turnips + radish.

Question 5

What is a RADICLE?

Answer 5

The initial root that emerges from the seed.

Question 6

A side branch of the main root

Answer 6

A lateral root

Question 7

Tap root

Answer 7

initial root that emerges from the radicle.

Eg Dandelion

Question 8

fibrous root

Answer 8

radicle dies away and leaves a group of equal size roots

Eg Grass

Question 9

The 4 zones of a root

Answer 9

• Zone of differentiation
• Zone of elongation
• Zone of cell division/ metriculation/ meristematic
• Zone of protection

Question 10

The role of the differentiation zone

Answer 10

Cells develop nto different type of tissues. Cells are given functions

Question 11

Role of the elongation zone

Answer 11

growth plant regulators stimulate the cells from the meristems to grow larger.

Question 12

role of meristematic zone

Answer 12

Rapid division of cells for growth.

Question 13

Role of protection zone

Answer 13

protects the root as it pushes through the soil

Question 14

Role of protection zone

Answer 14

protects the root as it pushes through the soil

Question 15

what is a meristem

Answer 15

a plant tissue capable of mitosis.

Question 16

herbaceous plants

Answer 16

Do not contain wood or lignin and are green

Question 17

woody plants

Answer 17

Contain lignin and wood

eg bark

Question 18

functions of stems

Answer 18

1. Suppor the aerial parts of the plant
2. Transports water and minerals from the root to leaves and flowers.
3. Transport food made in the leaves to the roots
4. Photosynthesis when herbaceous
5. may store food eg potato

Question 19

What is a lenticel

Answer 19

An opening from the stems of plants which allows for gas exchange

Question 20

Characteristics of a monocot stem

Answer 20

vacular bundles are scattered

Question 21

Characteristics of a dicot stem

Answer 21

vascular bundles are arranged in a ring

Question 22

Characteristics of a dicot stem

Answer 22

vascular bundles are arranged in a ring

Question 23

Function of leaves

Answer 23

• make food by photosynthesis
• exchange gases with the atmosphere
• They store food
• They loose water through transpiration. This allows fresh water and minerals to be taken into the plant. It also cools the plant

they take in CO2 and release O2 and water vapour

Question 24

How are leaves suited to their function?

Answer 24

1. They have waxy cuticles to prevent water loss
2. Thin and wide shape (lamina) to absorb more light
3. contains lots of chloroplasts.

Question 25

Venation

Answer 25

the arrangement of veins (vascular tissue) on a leaf.
On a dicot leaf the veins are netted or reticulate
On a monocot leaf the veins are parallel

Question 26

what does the xylem consist of

Answer 26

hollow tubes that run continuously from the roots up through the stem and out of the leaf.. Consists of a xylem vessel and tracheid. The xylem is a dead tissue and runs only upwards.

Question 27

Function of the xylem

Answer 27

to carry water and minerals from the roots throughout the whole plant. It also provides support especially in woody plants. The vessel has thick walls strengthened by lignin.

Question 28

adaptations of xylem

Answer 28

• strengthened with lignin
• Has pitted walls to allow the sideways movement of water.
• No end walls between the cells [continuous]

Question 29

What does phloem consist of?

Answer 29

groupd of tube like cells called sieve tube cells and companion cells that are living. Its fpund in the roots stems and leaves. Cells have end walls with perforations.
Its a two way system.

Sieve plates are made of cellulose not lignin

Question 30

Function of phloem

Answer 30

To carry food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Transports mainly sucrose

Question 31

Adaptations of phloem

Answer 31

• Sieve tube cells allow cytoplasm to move from cell to cell.
• Companion cells have nuclei which controls activities of both cells.
• Companion cells provide the energy for moving food along to the tissue.

Question 32

Monocot traits

Answer 32

1. single cotyledon in a seed (one seed leaf)
2. usually herbaceous
3. Long narrow leaves with parallel veins
4. Vascular bundles are scattered
5. Flower parts are arranged in groups of three or multiples of three.

Ex grasses tulips cereals daffodils

Question 33

Dicot traits

Answer 33

1. Two cotyledons in a seed
2. Can be herbaceous or woody
3. Broad leaf with reticulate veins
4. ring of vascular bundles
5. Flower parts are arranged in groups of 4 or 5.

ex beans peas peanuts sunflowers roses tress like oak ash and chestnut.

Question 34

What is a cotyledon?

Answer 34

embryonic seed leaf