Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

what is the cell-surface membrane?

Answer 1

• regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
• has receptor molecules = allows it to respond to chemicals

Question 2

what is the nucleus?

Answer 2

controls cells activity by controlling the transcription of DNA

Question 3

what is the function of the nuclear pore?

Answer 3

it allows substances (RNA) to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 4

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

makes ribsomes

Question 5

what is the cell-surface membrane made of?

Answer 5

phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Question 6

what does the nucleus contain(chr)?

Answer 6

chromosomes which are made from protein-bound linear DNA

Question 7

what is the mitochondria?

Answer 7

site of aerobic respiration

Question 8

what is inside the cristae of mitochondria?

Answer 8

matrix = contains enzymes involved in respiration

Question 9

what is inside the nucleus (c)?

Answer 9

• lightly stained chromatin = loosely packed DNA which is available for transcription
• darkly stained chromatin = tightly packed DNA which is generally unavailable for transcription

Question 10

what is the chloroplast?

Answer 10

site of photosynthesis (happens in grana and stroma (thick fluid))

Question 11

what are the membranes inside chloroplasts called?

Answer 11

thylakoid membrane which are stacked to form grana

Question 12

how are the grana linked together?

Answer 12

by lamella

Question 13

what is the golgi apparatus and golgi vesicles?

Answer 13

fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 14

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

• processes and packages new lipids and proteins
• makes lysosomes (golgi vesicle)

Question 15

what is the function of the golgi vesicle?

Answer 15

• stores lipids and proteins made by GA and transports them out of cell (via cell-surface membrane)

Question 16

what are lysosomes?

Answer 16

• type of golgi vesicle
• round membrane bound organelle

Question 17

what is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 17

• fuse with vesicles
• release hydrolytic enzymes
• contains digestive enzymes called lyzosymes

Question 18

what is the use of lyzosymes?

Answer 18

• digest invading cells
• break down worn out components of cells

Question 19

what are ribosomes?

Answer 19

small organelle which floats in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 20

site of proteinsynthesis

Question 21

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

• system of membranes enclosing fluid filled sac
• covered with ribosomes

Question 22

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 22

folds and processes proteins

Question 23

what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

system of membranes enclosing fluid filled sac

Question 24

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 24

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 25

what is the cell wall (plant,algae,fungi)?

Answer 25

- gives cell rigid structure - supports cells and prevents the changing shape

Question 26

what is the cell wall made from in a plant and algal?

Answer 26

carbohydrate cellulose

Question 27

what is the cell wall made from in a fungal cell?

Answer 27

chitin

Question 28

what is the cell vacuole?

Answer 28

- contains cell sap = weak solution of sugars and salts - surrounding membrane = tonoplast

Question 29

what is the function of the cell vacuole?

Answer 29

- helps maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid = stops plant wilting - involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals in cells

Question 30

which of the organelles have double membranes?

Answer 30

chloroplasts, mitochondria and nucleus

Question 31

what do lysosomes do?

Answer 31

digest invading cells