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Bio: Cells > Structure of Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Produces mRNA and tRNA and therefore the synthesis of proteins.
  • Contains DNA and chromosomes.
  • Produces ribosomal RNA and ribosomes.
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2
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A
  • It separates the chromosomes from the rest of the cell.
  • It permits the passage of certain materials, such as nucleic acids and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A
  • Makes ribosomal RNA and asssembles ribosomes.
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4
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A
  • The site of protein synthesis.
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5
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
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6
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Synthesises and stores lipids and carbohydrates.
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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  • The site of aerobic respiration, which produces ATP.
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8
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A
  • Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells.
  • Release enzymes outside cells (exocytosis).
  • Digest old cells and organelles.
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9
Q

What is the function of golgi apparatus?

A
  • Modifies proteins (add carbohydrates forming glycoprotein) and lipids which are transported by Golgi vesicles.
  • Vesicles ‘pinched off’ ends of cisternae and move to cell surface membrane fuse and release contents (exocytosis). Form lysosomes.
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10
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A
  • Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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11
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A
  • Used to transport substances out of the cell and between organelles.
  • Formed at the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum or at the cell membrane.
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12
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A
  • Helps maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. This stops plant wilting.
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13
Q

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?

A
  • Supports cell and prevents them from changing shape.
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14
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A
  • Contains the pigment chlorophyll which is required for photosynthesis.
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15
Q

What is the function of plasmodesmata?

A
  • Allows the cytoplasm between cells to be connected and allows transport, signalling and communication between them.
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16
Q

What is the function of amyloplasts?

A
  • Store starch.

Bio: Cells (7 decks)

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