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Nucleicacids, Atp, And Cells Arise From Other Cells (Pack 5) > Structure Of Dna And Rna > Flashcards

Structure Of Dna And Rna Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleotides are made of three components

A

A phosphate group
A pentose sugar
A nitrogen containing organic base

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2
Q

In DNA in sugar is

A

Deoxyribose

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3
Q

In RNA the sugar is

A

Ribose

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4
Q

Four bases in DNA

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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5
Q

Four bases in RNA

A

Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine

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6
Q

Join up by what reaction

A

Condensation

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7
Q

Two mononucleotides join up to form

A

A dinucleotide

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8
Q

Bond connecting mononucleotides

A

phosphodiester bond

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9
Q

Adenine pairs with thymine

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

Cytosine pairs with guanine

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

DNA has a sugar phosphate backbone

A

Stability and strength
Protecting the bases on the inside from physical / chemical damage

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12
Q

DNA is a very large molecule

A

Holds lots of information

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13
Q

DNA has a sequence of nitrogen bases

A

Allows information to be stored
Base sequence codes for polypeptides

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14
Q

DNA is double stranded

A

Replication occurs semi- conservatively, both strands act as templates

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15
Q

DNA has complementary base paining

A

Ensures accurate replication takes place - identical copies

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16
Q

Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in DNA are weak

A

Enables strand separation/ unzipping so replication can take place

17
Q

Conservative replication

A

A separate, entirely new molecule of DNA is built leaving the old molecule intact

18
Q

Semi-conservative

A

Each new molecule of DNA has one strand from the original molecule and one new strand

19
Q

Which enzyme unwinds and unzips the double helix in replication

A

DNA helicase

20
Q

DNA replication

A

DNA unzips
Both strands act as templates
Free DNA nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the DNA

21
Q

Which enzyme joins the nucleotides together along the sugar phosphate backbone in DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

22
Q

What is the name of the bonds formed between adjacent nucleotides in the same strand in DNA replication

A

Phosphodiester bonds

23
Q

Three main types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer tRNA (tRNA)

24
Q

mRNA

A

Transfers information from DNA to the ribosomes

25
Q

rRNA

A

Associated with proteins, rRNA makes up the ribosomes

26
Q

tRNA

A

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Nucleicacids, Atp, And Cells Arise From Other Cells (Pack 5) (3 decks)

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