structure of dna

Question 1

another name for nucleic acids

Answer 1

Polynucleotides

Question 2

what are nucleic acids?

Answer 2

Informational macromolecules

Question 3

What do nucleic acids do?

Answer 3

-store information and instructions
-not molecule for energy or structure
-can be replicated
-doesn’t build bones/ tissues

Question 4

Monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

components of nucleotides

Answer 5

-sugar group
-phosphate functional group
-nitrogen base

Question 6

What sugar does DNA contain

Answer 6

Deoxyribose

Question 7

What sugar does RNA contain?

Answer 7

Ribose (contains an extra oxygen)

Question 7

Why is DNA/ RNA acids?

Answer 7

their phosphate group

Question 7

Carbon atoms are numbered…

Answer 7

1-5

Question 8

Phosphate group

Answer 8

Phosphate donates H+, resulting in a negative charge on the oxygen atom

Question 9

what groups are covalently bonded to form a sugar-phosphate group?

Answer 9

sugar & phosphate

Question 10

What does the nitrogenous base accept?

Answer 10

H+

Question 11

4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 11

-Adenine (A)
-Thymine (T)
-Cytosine(C)
-Guanine (G)

Question 12

what do purines consist of?

Answer 12

-Adenine
-Guanine

Question 13

What do pyrimidines consist of?

Answer 13

-Thymine
-Cytosine

Question 14

How do the 2 groups differ?

Answer 14

Pyrimidines contain one carbon ring, while Purines contain 2 carbon rings.

Question 15

What does DNA being a double helix mean?

Answer 15

-sugar-phosphate nucleotide is repeated on second strand
-bases of each nucleotide face one another
-bases are held by hydrogen bonds
-ONLY bases of strand 1 and strand 2 connect. (not sugars)

Question 16

Adenine pairs with?

Answer 16

Thymine

Question 17

Cytosine pairs with?

Answer 17

Guanine

Question 18

How do these bases pair?

Answer 18

One purine pairs with one pyrimidine

Question 19

How does A bond with T?

Answer 19

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 20

How does C bond with G

Answer 20

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 21

What are bonds like A&T and C&G called?

Answer 21

Complementary base pairs

Question 22

What does the code mean?

Answer 22

DNA is a code to produce proteins, which do the work of life.

Question 23

What are genes?

Answer 23

sequences of DNA which code for a particular polypeptide, by giving the order to assemble amino acids

Question 24

How long can these genes (sequences of DNA) be?

Answer 24

200 or 2k nucleotides long

Question 25

Codon

Answer 25

makes particular amino acids, each more than just one code

Question 26

how many nucleotides make up one amino acid

Answer 26

3 nucleotides

Question 27

exons

Answer 27

contain actual genetic code that determines the amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 28

introns

Answer 28

non-coding regions that are found in genes

Question 29

where in the DNA contained

Answer 29

nucleus of eukaryotic cell

Question 30

do prokaryotes have DNA?

Answer 30

yes, just not in the nucleus

Question 31

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 31

molecule that carries the genetic instructions for everything of all living organisms.