Structure of Con's Protection of Civil Rights & Liberties Flashcards

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1
Q

Con Amendment Process

A

○ Proposalàapproval by 2/3 members of both chambers of congress or by 2/3 statesàratification by ¾ of statesàamendment becomes part of the constitution
§ The ratification by the people allows the ratification to be a source of supreme law

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2
Q

Doctrine of Incorporation RULE

A provision of the Bill of Rights is applicable to the states through the operation of the…

A

14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause

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3
Q

§ Rights that are protected under the Due Process Clause:

RULE

A

1) Those that are “fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty”;

2) AND “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition”.

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4
Q

For Selective Incorporation–you apply….

A

Strict Scrutiny TEST

Necessary & Compelling

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5
Q

Reverse Incorporation RULE

A

is the 14th Amendment applies to the federal government through the 5th Amendment’s Due process.

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6
Q

State Action Doctrine

what is it generally?

A

○ The Con limits only governmental action (as oppose to private action) conforming with the EP Clause of 14th Amendment

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7
Q

State Action Doctrine RULE

A

Where there is such a close nexus between the State and the challenged action, private behavior may be fairly treated as that of the State itself

○ To bring an EP claim, P must show state action in which… state authorizes, encourages, and/or enforces private action, the Court will find state action if it believes that the weight and authority of the state are supporting the private action.

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8
Q

Public Function Exception

A

The private organization is performing a traditional and exclusive state function

Look to see if there is a sufficiently close nexus between State & challenged action so that the action of the private actor may be fairly treated as that of the State itself

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9
Q

PF Exception examples

A

Operation of a company town OR parks

But not shopping centers

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10
Q

Entanglement Exception

A

The level of entanglement has risen to a threshold level or the level of a symbiotic relationship

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11
Q

Entanglement examples

A

} Gov licensing or regulation alone is insufficient for finding of state action – Unless, there is other gov action encouraging or facilitating of the unconstitutional conduct

} Funding alone is not sufficient (unless the funding is tied directly to the discrim action in a way that shows the state is involved in the decision-making process or is otherwise aiding/ encouraging the discrim action)

■ Voter Initiatives Permitting Discrimination:
} Anytime a state puts additional obstacles that is going to be a state action, they are making it easier to have discrimination

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12
Q

Entwinement Exception

A

There is not only passive regulation but active authorization, encouragement or enforcement, almost to the point of requiring commandment

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