Structure Of Blood, Blood Vessels And Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What are white blood cells?

Answer 1

• Two types
• Phagocytes- surround and digest foreign cells
• Lymphocytes- contain antibodies, which stick to cells and destroy them

Question 2

What are red blood cells?

Answer 2

• Packed with haemoglobin
• Binds oxygen in lungs + releases it into tissue
• Lots of Oxygen = bright red, Little Oxygen = dark red

Question 3

What are platelets?

Answer 3

• Tiny fragments of cells that have no nuclei

- Produce substances to clot the blood when injured

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

• Straw-coloured liquid

- Carries dissolved substances like glucose, carbon dioxide and urea

Question 5

Artery: lumen size?

Answer 5

Narrow

Question 6

Artery: thickness of muscular wall?

Answer 6

Thick layer of elastic and muscle fibres

Question 7

Artery: pressure?

Answer 7

• Higher than any other blood vessels

- Varies, as the heady contracts and relaxes, pushing pulses of blood into the arteries

Question 8

Vein: lumen size?

Answer 8

Wide

Question 9

Vein: thickness of muscular wall?

Answer 9

Thin, flexible wall

Question 10

Vein: pressure?

Answer 10

Lower than in any other blood vessel

Question 11

Vein: valves?

Answer 11

• When this pair of muscles open, the valves close, stopping blood flowing back away from the blood

Question 12

Capillaries: lumen size?

Answer 12

Very narrow

Question 13

Capillaries: thickness of muscular wall?

Answer 13

Wall is only 1 cell thick

Allows faster diffusion of substances in and out of the capillaries

Question 14

What 3 things is energy needed for?

Answer 14

1) Movement
2) Keeping warm
3) Producing and breaking down substances

Question 15

What does aerobic respiration require?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 16

In the mitochondria

Question 17

What is the aerobic respiration Word equation?

Answer 17

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 18

What happen during the process of aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

• Glucose and Oxygen need to be transported to cells
• Red blood cells carry oxygen
• Glucose is carried from digestive system, dissolved in plasma
• Move by diffusion Ingo cell (conc. gradient)

Question 19

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 19

Respiration without oxygen

Question 20

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Glucose —> Lactic Acid (+Energy)

Question 21

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 22

What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

C6H12O6 —> 2 C3H6O3

Question 23

What does anaerobic respiration produce in fermentation?

Answer 23

Ethanol (alcohol)

Question 24

Which type of respiration releases more energy?

Answer 24

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic releases only about 5% of energy released by aerobic