Structure Of Blood, Blood Vessels And Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What are white blood cells?
- Two types
- Phagocytes- surround and digest foreign cells
- Lymphocytes- contain antibodies, which stick to cells and destroy them
What are red blood cells?
- Packed with haemoglobin
- Binds oxygen in lungs + releases it into tissue
- Lots of Oxygen = bright red, Little Oxygen = dark red
What are platelets?
- Tiny fragments of cells that have no nuclei
- Produce substances to clot the blood when injured
What is plasma?
- Straw-coloured liquid
- Carries dissolved substances like glucose, carbon dioxide and urea
Artery: lumen size?
Narrow
Artery: thickness of muscular wall?
Thick layer of elastic and muscle fibres
Artery: pressure?
- Higher than any other blood vessels
- Varies, as the heady contracts and relaxes, pushing pulses of blood into the arteries
Vein: lumen size?
Wide
Vein: thickness of muscular wall?
Thin, flexible wall
Vein: pressure?
Lower than in any other blood vessel
Vein: valves?
- When this pair of muscles open, the valves close, stopping blood flowing back away from the blood
Capillaries: lumen size?
Very narrow
Capillaries: thickness of muscular wall?
Wall is only 1 cell thick
Allows faster diffusion of substances in and out of the capillaries
What 3 things is energy needed for?
1) Movement
2) Keeping warm
3) Producing and breaking down substances
What does aerobic respiration require?
Oxygen
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What is the aerobic respiration Word equation?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What happen during the process of aerobic respiration?
- Glucose and Oxygen need to be transported to cells
- Red blood cells carry oxygen
- Glucose is carried from digestive system, dissolved in plasma
- Move by diffusion Ingo cell (conc. gradient)
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> Lactic Acid (+Energy)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 —> 2 C3H6O3
What does anaerobic respiration produce in fermentation?
Ethanol (alcohol)
Which type of respiration releases more energy?
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic releases only about 5% of energy released by aerobic
