Structure of Atom and Isotopes

Question 1

What are atoms made of?

Answer 1

Subatomic particles

Question 2

What do subatomic particles mean?

Answer 2

Particles that are smaller than the size of an atom

Question 3

What are the three types of subatomic particles

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 4

What are protons

Answer 4

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

What are neutrons

Answer 5

Neutral particles found in nucleus of an atom

Question 6

What are electrons

Answer 6

Negatively charged particles found around the nucleus in energy shells. Electrons are able to move much more freely compared to protons and neutrons

Question 7

What is the core of an atom

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

What is found in the nucleus

Answer 8

Protons and neutrons

Question 9

Which subatomic particles are heavier than electrons

Answer 9

Protons and neutrons

Question 10

How much heavier are protons and neutrons than electrons

Answer 10

1836 times

Question 11

What is an element

Answer 11

Any ‘tile’ on the periodic table. Neutral atom because it has same number of protons and electrons. Most elements are quite reactive so we don’t usually find them in their purest form. They usually exist as molecules or compounds. This is because of bonding and the desire to achieve a full outer shell of electrons

Question 12

What is a molecule

Answer 12

A group of two or more atoms that are bonded by sharing electrons. It is the smallest unit of chemical compounds.

Question 13

What is a compound

Answer 13

Made up of different elements in fixed ratio which bound together, through transfer of electrons

Question 14

What is a mixture

Answer 14

2+ elements, molecules or compounds. Substances that make up mixture can usually be easily separated from each other

Question 15

What are isotopes

Answer 15

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 16

What are radioisotopes

Answer 16

Isotopes that are unstable because they can be broken down to form new elements. They release energy in the form of radiation during the process

Question 17

What are the three different types of radiation that isotopes can release

Answer 17

Alpha, Beta and Gamma. Each one has a different amount of energy associated with it

Question 18

What do these types of radiation have in common

Answer 18

They are dangerous if they come into contact with your DNA as they have the ability to change your genetic code, which results in medical problems

Question 19

What is the composition and overall charge of alpha

Answer 19

2 protons, 2 neutrons, +1

eg. Helium nucleus

Question 20

What is the composition and overall charge of beta

Answer 20

Electron, -1

Question 21

What is the composition and overall charge of gamma

Answer 21

Burst of energy, 0

Question 22

What are each of these types stopped by

Answer 22

A: Paper
B: Aluminium foil
G: Concrete/lead