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Matter Revision > Structure of an Atom > Flashcards

Structure of an Atom Flashcards

To be able to know the structure of an atom To be able to know what a isotope and radioisotope is To be able to know the types of radiation

1
Q

What is in the centre of an atom?

A

The nucleus

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2
Q

Everything is made up of what?

A

Matter

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3
Q

Matter is made up of what?

A

Atoms

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4
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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5
Q

What is the nucleus made of?

A

Protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Define protons

A

Protons are positively charged in the nucleus

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7
Q

Define neutron

A

Neutrons are neutrally charged in the nucleus

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8
Q

Define electron

A

Electrons are negatively charged surrounding the nucleus

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9
Q

How do you get a positive ion or cation

A

More protons than electrons

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10
Q

How do you get a neutral charge

A

Same amount of protons and electrons

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11
Q

How do you get a negative ion or anion

A

More electrons than protons

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12
Q

How do you figure out the mass number?

A

Protons and neutrons added together

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13
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is the amount of protons that are in the atom

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14
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope has the same atomic number but different mass number because they have a different number of neutrons

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15
Q

What is a radioisotope?

A

They are radioactive isotopes. When the number of neutrons is much higher or lower than the amount of protons, the nucleus may become unstable and break

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16
Q

Name the three types of radiation

A

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

17
Q

Define alpha

A

When the nucleus has too many protons which will emit a positively charged particles called alpha particles

18
Q

Define beta

A

When the nucleus has too many neutrons, one of the neutron transforms itself into a proton. Then the element will emit a negatively charged particles called beta particles

19
Q

Define gamma

A

Emitted after alpha and beta particles emission when the nucleus is still excited. Gamma rays have no overall charge

20
Q

How far can alpha particle travel?

A

Alpha particles can only travel in air a few cm and can only be stopped by paper

21
Q

How far can beta particles travel?

A

Beta particles can travel in air for a few metres and can only be stopped by aluminium

22
Q

How far can gamma ray travel?

A

Gamma rays can travel in air for a few km and can only be stopped by lead

23
Q

Define half life

A

The amount of time it takes for one half of a radioactive sample to decay into stable atoms

24
Q

Define radioactive dating

A

When you compare the presence of a radioactive isotope which a sample to its known abundance on Earth and its known half life. This means you can calculate the age of the sample. Carbon dating is a common method.

Simplified (how old something is)

Matter Revision (1 decks)

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