Structure Of A Flowering Plant Flashcards
What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic:
No nucleus
No membrane surrounding it’s DNA
No membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic:
Have a nucleus
Have cell organelles
What is the tip of the root protected by
Rootcap
What does autotrophic mean?
Photosynthesise (make their own food)
What’s the difference between tap and fibrous roots?
Tap- produce side (lateral) roots
Fibrous- roots grow from base of stem down
What is the main function of roots?
Anchors plant to the ground.
Absorbs water and minerals from soil
Stores food (certain plants eg carrots)
What are the functions of the following:
Zone of protection
Zone of cell production
Zone of elongation
Zone of differentiation
Protection-root cap protects the root cells
Production-site of cell division which allows plant to grow (meristematic zone)
Elongation- new cells formed by meristem are stimulated to grow longer
Differentiation- elongated cells now develop into Dermal tissue, vascular tissue and ground tissue
What parts of the plant does the shoot system consist of?
An upright stem bearing buds, leaves and flowers
What are the functions of the stem?
-transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and flowers
-transport food made in the leaves all around the plant
-to support the aerial parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, fruits)
-to make food (photosynthesis) in the leaves
What is a bud?
An underdeveloped shoot
What is an aprical bud?
Lies at tip of stem. Where upward growth takes place
What is a lateral bud?
On the sides of the stem and give rise to side shoots and branches
What’s the axil of a leaf?
The angle formed between the leaf and the stem
What’s the node of a plant?
The place where the leaves are attached to the stem
What is the internode?
The space between nodes
What is a lenticel
An opening on a stem for gas exchange
What’s a petiole?
The leaf stalk by which the leaf is attached to the stem
Describe a lamina
A flattened leaf blade with many veins
What is the purpose of veins in a leaf?
Give the leaf support and allow food, water and minerals to be transported. They may be netted or parallel
Functions of leaves
To make food
Allow gaseous exchange
Allows water to evaporate from leaf which helps to draw water up to the plant
Stores food (some plants eg lettuce)
What’s the function of the flower
Reproduction
What is mitosis
A cell divides and produces two new identical (to original) cells
What is the meristem
Region of active cell division in a plant
Where are apical meristems found
At the tip of root and shoot, in buds and inside vascular bundles of some cells
What is dermal tissue
Found on the surface of the plant and used to protect the plant
What is ground tissue
Lies between vascular and dermal tissue, makes or stores food and for strength
Vascular tissue
Veins of leaves, vascular bundles of stem, core of root
Transports materials (water and food) around the plant
Xylem functions and structure
-Transports water and minerals up the plant
-Provides support(lignin)
-consists of two different conducting cells
*xylem tracheids
*xylem vessels
Functions and structure of phloem
-transports sugars up and down the plant (mainly sucrose)
-transports some plant growth regulators
-Consists of two types of cells
*phloem sieve tube cells
* companion cells
Differences between monocots and dicots
Monocots:
-one seed leaf
-scattered vascular bundles (in stem)
-flower plants in multiples of three
-herbaceous
Dicots:
-have 2 seed leaves
-vascular bundles in stem in ring pattern
-Broad leaf shape
-flower plants in multiples of 4 or 5
-may woody or herbaceous
Differences between xylem and phloem
Xylem:
Dead at maturity
Transports water minerals
Phloem:
Living
Transports sucrose and auxins
