Structure Of A Flowering Plant

Question 1

What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic:
No nucleus
No membrane surrounding it’s DNA
No membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic:
Have a nucleus
Have cell organelles

Question 2

What is the tip of the root protected by

Answer 2

Rootcap

Question 3

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 3

Photosynthesise (make their own food)

Question 4

What’s the difference between tap and fibrous roots?

Answer 4

Tap- produce side (lateral) roots

Fibrous- roots grow from base of stem down

Question 5

What is the main function of roots?

Answer 5

Anchors plant to the ground.

Absorbs water and minerals from soil

Stores food (certain plants eg carrots)

Question 6

What are the functions of the following:

Zone of protection

Zone of cell production

Zone of elongation

Zone of differentiation

Answer 6

Protection-root cap protects the root cells

Production-site of cell division which allows plant to grow (meristematic zone)

Elongation- new cells formed by meristem are stimulated to grow longer

Differentiation- elongated cells now develop into Dermal tissue, vascular tissue and ground tissue

Question 7

What parts of the plant does the shoot system consist of?

Answer 7

An upright stem bearing buds, leaves and flowers

Question 8

What are the functions of the stem?

Answer 8

-transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and flowers

-transport food made in the leaves all around the plant

-to support the aerial parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, fruits)

-to make food (photosynthesis) in the leaves

Question 9

What is a bud?

Answer 9

An underdeveloped shoot

Question 10

What is an aprical bud?

Answer 10

Lies at tip of stem. Where upward growth takes place

Question 11

What is a lateral bud?

Answer 11

On the sides of the stem and give rise to side shoots and branches

Question 12

What’s the axil of a leaf?

Answer 12

The angle formed between the leaf and the stem

Question 13

What’s the node of a plant?

Answer 13

The place where the leaves are attached to the stem

Question 14

What is the internode?

Answer 14

The space between nodes

Question 15

What is a lenticel

Answer 15

An opening on a stem for gas exchange

Question 16

What’s a petiole?

Answer 16

The leaf stalk by which the leaf is attached to the stem

Question 17

Describe a lamina

Answer 17

A flattened leaf blade with many veins

Question 18

What is the purpose of veins in a leaf?

Answer 18

Give the leaf support and allow food, water and minerals to be transported. They may be netted or parallel

Question 19

Functions of leaves

Answer 19

To make food

Allow gaseous exchange

Allows water to evaporate from leaf which helps to draw water up to the plant

Stores food (some plants eg lettuce)

Question 20

What’s the function of the flower

Answer 20

Reproduction

Question 21

What is mitosis

Answer 21

A cell divides and produces two new identical (to original) cells

Question 22

What is the meristem

Answer 22

Region of active cell division in a plant

Question 23

Where are apical meristems found

Answer 23

At the tip of root and shoot, in buds and inside vascular bundles of some cells

Question 24

What is dermal tissue

Answer 24

Found on the surface of the plant and used to protect the plant

Question 25

What is ground tissue

Answer 25

Lies between vascular and dermal tissue, makes or stores food and for strength

Question 26

Vascular tissue

Answer 26

Veins of leaves, vascular bundles of stem, core of root
Transports materials (water and food) around the plant

Question 27

Xylem functions and structure

Answer 27

-Transports water and minerals up the plant
-Provides support(lignin)

-consists of two different conducting cells
*xylem tracheids
*xylem vessels

Question 28

Functions and structure of phloem

Answer 28

-transports sugars up and down the plant (mainly sucrose)
-transports some plant growth regulators

-Consists of two types of cells
*phloem sieve tube cells
* companion cells

Question 29

Differences between monocots and dicots

Answer 29

Monocots:
-one seed leaf
-scattered vascular bundles (in stem)
-flower plants in multiples of three
-herbaceous

Dicots:
-have 2 seed leaves
-vascular bundles in stem in ring pattern
-Broad leaf shape
-flower plants in multiples of 4 or 5
-may woody or herbaceous

Question 30

Differences between xylem and phloem

Answer 30

Xylem:
Dead at maturity
Transports water minerals

Phloem:
Living
Transports sucrose and auxins