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FMS III > Structure & Fxn of Pulm System > Flashcards

Structure & Fxn of Pulm System Flashcards

1
Q

What are three parts of conducting airways?

A
  1. upper airways
  2. Larynx
  3. Lower airways
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2
Q

What connects upper and lower airways?

A

larynx

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3
Q

What are 3 gas-exchange airways?

A
  1. respiratory bronchioles
  2. alveolar ducts
  3. alveoli
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4
Q

Which type of epithelial cells in the alveoli are involved in alveolar structure?

A

Type I alveolar cells

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5
Q

Which type of epithelial cells in the alveoli are involved in surfactant production?

A

Type II alveolar cells

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6
Q

What are the primary gas-exchange units of the lungs?

A

alveoli

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7
Q

What permit air to pass through the septa from alveolus to alveolus?

A

Pores of Kohn

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8
Q

How many alveoli do the lungs contain?

A

approximately 25 million at birth & 300 million by adulthood

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9
Q

Pulmonary circulation has a ____ pressure and resistance than systemic circulation (___ pulmonary artery vs ____ aorta)

A

lower; 18 mmHg vs 90 mmHg

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10
Q

How many of the vessels are filled with blood at any given time?

A

only one third

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11
Q

More vessels become perfused when ______; therefore, ____ delivery of blood to the lungs does not normally increase mean pulmonary artery pressure.

A

right CO increase; increased

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12
Q

The pulmonary artery divides and enters the lung at the ____.

A

hilus

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13
Q

T/F: Each bronchus and bronchiole has an accompanying artery or arteriole.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Arterioles are less than ___ in diameter.

A

1 mm

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15
Q

What is formed by shared alveolar and capillary walls?

A

alveolocapillary membrane

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16
Q

What all does the alveolocapillary membrane comprise?

A 
thin membrane of alveolar epithelium 
the alveolar basement membrane 
interstitial space 
the capillary basement membrane
the capillary endothelium
17
Q

What does the chest wall encompass?

A
  • skin, ribs, and intercostal muscles

- thoracic cavity

18
Q

What does the pleura encompass?

A
  • serous membrane
  • parietal and visceral layers
  • pleural space (cavity)
  • pleural fluid
19
Q

What are the functions of gas exchange?

A
  • supply oxygen

- eliminate CO2

20
Q

What are the functions of the lungs?

A
  1. gas exchange
  2. maintain pH
  3. eliminate water
  4. maintain normal body temperature
  5. immune responses
  6. Hormone secretion
  7. metabolism
21
Q

What are the requirements for Ventilation, Perfusion, and Diffusion?

A
  • Adequate inspired O2 – (FiO2)
  • Ventilation and perfusion of alveoli
  • A permeable alveolocapillary membrane
  • Adequate blood flow
  • Ability to transport O2 and CO2
  • Ability of cell to use O2 and eliminate CO2
22
Q

If you are in a city in which the barometric pressure is lower than sea level (760 mmHg), will the partial pressure of oxygen be higher or lower than it is at sea level?

A

Lower because the formula to calculate partial pressure of O2 is .21 x barometric pressure.

23
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs.

24
Q

What is minute volume?

A

Ventilatory rate multiplied by the volume of air per breath

25
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

the volume of air entering and leaving the alveoli per minute

26
Q

Lung volumes and capacities are based on what three things?

A

Age, gender and height

27
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of the lungs and about how many ml of air does it typically include?

A

Can be forcefully expired after normal expiration FEV1

1000 ml

28
Q

What is the formula for forced vital capacity (FVC)?

A

TV + IRV + ERV ~4500-5000 ml

29
Q

How would you define residual volume and how many ml of air are involved?

A

It is the air that remains in the alveoli and is usually around 1200 ml (constant)

30
Q

What is the formula for minute ventilation?

A

RR x TV

31
Q

Which system is in control of ventilation and stimulates the smooth muscle of the airway lumen diameter to contract/relax?

A

RR x (TV-DS)
Tried to look this up and couldn’t find anything but you plug weight in for DS in his example.. 100 lb, RR 16, TV 500 ml
16 (500-100) = 6400 ml/min

32
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Low oxygen in the cell

33
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A

Low oxygen in arterial blood (low O2 saturation)

34
Q

What are the four steps to Gas Transport?

A
  1. Ventilation of the lungs
  2. Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood
  3. Perfusion of systemic capillaries w/ oxygenated blood
  4. Diffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells
35
Q

T/F Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order.

A

True

FMS III (4 decks)

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