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Micro Sucks > Structure & Function of Bacteria > Flashcards

Structure & Function of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

All cellular life have the following characteristics in common:

A
  • Cell membrane (regulates flow of nutrients/waste in/out)
  • DNA (genetic material)
  • RNA (molecules)
  • Protiens (enzymes)
  • Basic chemicals(carbs,lipids,vit,minerals)
  • Reproductive
  • Energy
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2
Q

What are the 2 different types of cells? Explain the difference between the them.

A

PROKARYOTIC- no nucleus, no RNA processing, no organelles, has a cell wall
EUKARYOTIC- Contains a nucleus, RNA processing, organelles. Does not have a cell wall ( only in animals)

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3
Q

What is function/characteristics of Flagellum?

A
  • Helps bacteria move from one place to another
  • Long structures that extend beyond the surface of the cell
  • Responsible for movement—>rotation propels bacterium thru environment
  • Used in chemotaxis - movement towards/away from subtances & phototaxis( toward/away from light)
  • Receptors for light/chemicals on surface of cell send signals to flagella, adjust speed/direction of rotation
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4
Q

Characteristics of Axial Filaments

A
  • Type of Flagellum
  • Simular function to flagella
  • Run lengthwise along cell
  • Snake like movements
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5
Q

What is the function of Fimbria?

A
  • Sticky projections used by bacteria to adhere toeachother
  • 100s of cells
  • Shorter than flagella
  • Evenly distributed over entire surface used for
    attachment to host & substances
  • Bacteria may use fimbriae to move across a substrate or toward another bacterium via a process similar to
    pulling an object with a rope
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6
Q

What is the function of Pili

A
  • long hollow tubules
  • 1/2 cell longer then fimbriae, Shorter then flagella
  • Typically 1 or 2 per cell
  • Join 2 bacteria cells & mediate transfer of DNA from 1 cell thru another ( conjugation)
  • Ecoli 0157 has very strong fimbria ( walkerton, organ fail)
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7
Q

Characteristics of Capsule/Slime layer

A
  • Cover bacteria in nature (lakes)
  • Sticky substance surrounding outside of cell
  • Composed of Polysaccharides, polypeptides, glycoprotiens
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8
Q

Describe Capsule

A
  • THICK layer of cell FIRMLY attached to the cell surface

* Composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cell surface.

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9
Q

What is a THINNER layer then capsule and LOOSELY attaches to the cell surface?

A

Slime layer

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10
Q

What is the function of the Capsule/ Slime Layer

A
  • Mediate adherance of cells to eachother/surfaces
  • Protect cells from engulfment
  • Protect from drying
  • Are used a carbohydrate reserves
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11
Q

A cell wall allows bacteria to resist osmotic stress T/F

A

True

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12
Q

Complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate mediated by fimbriae and capsule

A

What is Biofilm

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13
Q

List some characteristics of Prokaryotic cell wall

A
  • Allows bacteria to resist osmotic stress
  • Provides structure/shape ( cocci, strep, staph, bacilli )
  • Asst. cells in attach to other cells/resisting anti bac drugs.
  • Target cell wall of bacteria with anitbiotics
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14
Q

What are bacterial cell walls composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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15
Q

This single macromolecule is highly crosslinked, surrounds the cell complex polysacaccride and provides ridgity.

A

Peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Peptidoglycan mankes a structure look like _____?

A

Net

17
Q

Desribe Gram Positive Cell Wall

A
  • Made up of 40 layers of Peptidoglycan

* Rest made up of polysaccharides ( aka Techoic Acid)

18
Q

In the gram positive cell wall, what is the purpose of the Techoic Acid?

A

Connects layers of the Peptidoglycan together and the liptechoic acids anchor the peptidoglycan to cytoplasmic membrane. Retains crystal violet die in gram staining procedure ( appears PURPLE)

19
Q

Desribe Gram Negative Cell Wall

A
  • Outer membrane = thin layer peptidoglycan
  • Cell membrane is b/w outer membrane/peptidoglycan.
  • Cell membrane is the periplasmic space
  • only a thin layer Peptidoglycan
  • Peptidoglycan is covered by other membrane composed of phospholipids integral protiens and lipoplysaccharides ( LPS)
20
Q

What is the space called that is jelly like in nature. Located b/w the outer membrane and the cell membrane that contains Peptidoglycan, H2O, enzymes, nutrients & other substances. Gram staining appears PINK.

A

Periplasmic Space

21
Q

Chemicals produced by the pathogen that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage

A

TOXINS

22
Q

What are 2 types of toxins?

A

Exotoxins & Endotoxins

23
Q

EXTOXINS

A
  • gram +ve and gram -ve
  • most often released by gram + organisms
  • protiens are actively secreted by a pathogen-usually enzymes
  • destroy cellular & extra cellular structures- can affect NS and cause paralysis

Micro Sucks (1 decks)

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