Structure & Function

Question 1

how much blood is in the body, and what % of body weight does it make up?

Answer 1

4-5 L; 8%

Question 2

Functions of blood?

Answer 2

• carry O2, nutrients, CO2, waste, hormones
• regulate fluid balance, temp, & pH
• clotting
• immunity

Question 3

blood is made out of what?

Answer 3

plasma & formed elements

Question 4

What are the formed elements?

Answer 4

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 5

What makes up the buffy coat?

Answer 5

leukocytes & platelets

Question 6

How much of the blood does plasma make up?

Answer 6

55%

Question 7

What is the percent composition of plasma?

Answer 7

91% water, 8% protein, 1% other

Question 8

What are found in the protein of plasma?

Answer 8

• albumin
• clotting factors
• antibodies
• complement

Question 9

What are found in the other part of plasma?

Answer 9

• glucose
• amino acids
• vitamins
• lipids
• electrolytes
• hormones
• dissolved gases
• drugs
• wastes

Question 10

Erythrocytes make up what percent of blood?

Answer 10

45%

Question 11

how many erythrocytes are in 1mm^3 of blood?

Answer 11

4.5-5.5 million

Question 12

What is the life span of RBCs?

Answer 12

90-120 days

Question 13

What is the purpose of RBC’s biconcave shape

Answer 13

flexibility & SA for gas exchange

Question 14

Compared to WBCs, RBCs lack what

Answer 14

nucleus & very little organelles

Question 15

Purpose of hemoglobin

Answer 15

facilitate O2 & CO2 movement & carry H ion for buffering

Question 16

RBCs cannot what

Answer 16

divide, do aerobic respiration, & don’t have survival abilities

Question 17

What are the largest, most common, and smallest formed elements?

Answer 17

largest: leukocytes
common: RBCs
smallest: platelets

Question 18

How many leukocytes are in 1mm^3?

Answer 18

5,000-10,000

Question 19

what is the life span of WBCs?

Answer 19

9 days

Question 20

What are the 2 types of WBCs?

Answer 20

granulocytes & agranulocytes

Question 21

What are the subtypes of granulocytes?

Answer 21

neutrophils, basophils, & eosinophils

Question 22

What is the % & purpose of neutrophils

Answer 22

60%, phagocytes

Question 23

What is the % & purpose of basophils

Answer 23

<1%, fights allergies

Question 24

What is the % & purpose of eosinophils

Answer 24

3%, eat parasites

Question 25

What are the subtypes of agranulocytes?

Answer 25

lymphocytes & monocytes

Question 26

What is the % & purpose of lymphocytes

Answer 26

30%, immune system

Question 27

What is the % & purpose of monocytes

Answer 27

6%, phagocytes

Question 28

Platelets are also called what

Answer 28

thrombocytes

Question 29

How many platelets should be in 1mm^3 of blood

Answer 29

250,000-400,000

Question 30

What is the lifespan of platelets

Answer 30

5-9 days

Question 31

T/F: platelets are cells

Answer 31

false (no nuclei & no DNA)

Question 32

Purpose of platelets?

Answer 32

clotting

Question 33

define hematopoiesis

Answer 33

creation of all blood cells in red marrow

Question 34

define hemostasis

Answer 34

stopping blood loss (via blood clotting usually)

Question 35

What are the steps to clotting?

Answer 35

1. prothrombinase is formed
2. prothrombinase turn prothrombin –> thrombin
3. Thrombin turn fibrinogen –> fibrin
4. Fibrin form network of threads –> clot

Question 36

What is the purpose of WBCs?

Answer 36

get rid of foreign materials, cellular debris, & disease

Question 37

What is needed for clotting?

Answer 37

calcium

Question 38

What % does the buffy coat make up

Answer 38

1%

Question 39

What are the steps of hemostasis?

Answer 39

1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug
3. coagulation