Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

how much blood is in the body, and what % of body weight does it make up?

A

4-5 L; 8%

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2
Q

Functions of blood?

A
  • carry O2, nutrients, CO2, waste, hormones
  • regulate fluid balance, temp, & pH
  • clotting
  • immunity
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3
Q

blood is made out of what?

A

plasma & formed elements

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4
Q

What are the formed elements?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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5
Q

What makes up the buffy coat?

A

leukocytes & platelets

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6
Q

How much of the blood does plasma make up?

A

55%

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7
Q

What is the percent composition of plasma?

A

91% water, 8% protein, 1% other

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8
Q

What are found in the protein of plasma?

A
  • albumin
  • clotting factors
  • antibodies
  • complement
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9
Q

What are found in the other part of plasma?

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • vitamins
  • lipids
  • electrolytes
  • hormones
  • dissolved gases
  • drugs
  • wastes
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10
Q

Erythrocytes make up what percent of blood?

A

45%

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11
Q

how many erythrocytes are in 1mm^3 of blood?

A

4.5-5.5 million

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12
Q

What is the life span of RBCs?

A

90-120 days

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13
Q

What is the purpose of RBC’s biconcave shape

A

flexibility & SA for gas exchange

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14
Q

Compared to WBCs, RBCs lack what

A

nucleus & very little organelles

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15
Q

Purpose of hemoglobin

A

facilitate O2 & CO2 movement & carry H ion for buffering

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16
Q

RBCs cannot what

A

divide, do aerobic respiration, & don’t have survival abilities

17
Q

What are the largest, most common, and smallest formed elements?

A

largest: leukocytes
common: RBCs
smallest: platelets

18
Q

How many leukocytes are in 1mm^3?

A

5,000-10,000

19
Q

what is the life span of WBCs?

20
Q

What are the 2 types of WBCs?

A

granulocytes & agranulocytes

21
Q

What are the subtypes of granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, basophils, & eosinophils

22
Q

What is the % & purpose of neutrophils

A

60%, phagocytes

23
Q

What is the % & purpose of basophils

A

<1%, fights allergies

24
Q

What is the % & purpose of eosinophils

A

3%, eat parasites

25
What are the subtypes of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes & monocytes
26
What is the % & purpose of lymphocytes
30%, immune system
27
What is the % & purpose of monocytes
6%, phagocytes
28
Platelets are also called what
thrombocytes
29
How many platelets should be in 1mm^3 of blood
250,000-400,000
30
What is the lifespan of platelets
5-9 days
31
T/F: platelets are cells
false (no nuclei & no DNA)
32
Purpose of platelets?
clotting
33
define hematopoiesis
creation of all blood cells in red marrow
34
define hemostasis
stopping blood loss (via blood clotting usually)
35
What are the steps to clotting?
1. prothrombinase is formed 2. prothrombinase turn prothrombin --> thrombin 3. Thrombin turn fibrinogen --> fibrin 4. Fibrin form network of threads --> clot
36
What is the purpose of WBCs?
get rid of foreign materials, cellular debris, & disease
37
What is needed for clotting?
calcium
38
What % does the buffy coat make up
1%
39
What are the steps of hemostasis?
1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug 3. coagulation