Structure and Properties of Solids Flashcards

1
Q

4 main categories solids can be classified into

A
  1. Ionic solids
  2. Metallic solids
  3. Covalent molecular solids
  4. Covalent network solids
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2
Q

Crystalline solids

A

Regular arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules

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3
Q

Amorphous Solids

A

No regular arrangement

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4
Q

Ionic solids

A
  • forms from metal and non-metal
  • in crystal lattice structure
  • alternating cations and anions
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5
Q

Ionic solids physical properties

A
  • Hard and brittle solid
  • Dissolves in water
  • Conducts electricity in solution
  • high melting point
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6
Q

How are metallic solids formed?

A

By closely packed atoms held together by electrostatic interactions and free floating electrons

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7
Q

What is the electron sea theory?

A
  • Positively charged nuclei remain fixed
  • Electrons can flow between nuclei
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8
Q

What does electron sea theory explain?

A

The low ionization energy of metals

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9
Q

Properties of metallic solids

A
  • Shiny/has lustre
  • Malleable
  • Electrical conductors
  • Hard and strong
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10
Q

Covalent Molecular Solid properties

A
  • Low melting points
  • Little hardness
  • Electrical non-conductor (cuz its composed of neutral atoms)
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11
Q

Covalent Network Structures

A

Bonds between atoms form an interwoven network

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12
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Different structures with the same element

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13
Q

4 allotropes of carbon

A
  1. Graphite
  2. Diamond
  3. Buckyball
  4. Carbon Nanotubes
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14
Q

Graphite properties

A
  • Slippery
  • Black
  • Good conductors
  • Hexagonal shape sheets
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15
Q

Diamond Properties

A
  • Extreme hardness
  • very high melting point
  • Not good conductors of electricity
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16
Q

Buckyball Properties

A
  • Extremely stable
  • high melting point
17
Q

Carbon Nanotube properties

A
  • hexagonal sheet rolled into a tube
  • Properties depend on circumference, length and twist
18
Q

What is doping?

A

Changes the conductivity by adding or removing an electron

19
Q

N-type semiconductor

A

One extra electron in an excited state

20
Q

P-type semiconductor

A

One less electron creates a hole