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Chemistry > Structure and Properties of Materials > Flashcards

Structure and Properties of Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

It is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods.

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2
Q

What can elements appear as?

A

Atoms and Molecules.

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3
Q

What if an element appear as an atom?

A

If they are not chemically bonded to each other.

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4
Q

What if an element appear as a molecule?

A

If they are covalent bonded.

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

It is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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6
Q

What happens if elements are chemically bonded together?

A

It forms a covalent compound or an ionic compound

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7
Q

What exists between atoms in molecules?

A

Chemical bonds.

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8
Q

What does molecules consist of?

A

Molecules consist of either atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements.

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9
Q

What is the difference between H and CO?

A

H is an element while CO is a compound

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10
Q

How can compounds be separated into their constituent elements?

A

Compounds can be separated into their constituent elements by using chemical methods.

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11
Q

What are the two ways to separate the compounds?

A

By thermal decomposition which is exposing the compound to strong heat or electrolysis which is passing an electric current through the compound

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12
Q

What is the difference between compounds and mixtures?

A

A compound has a fixed proportion of the different types of atom it is made up of while mixtures do not have substances in fixed ratios. It can be made up of elements and/or compounds.

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13
Q

How are mixtures separated into their constituents?

A

In mixtures, the elements and/or compounds are physically combined. They can be usually be separated using techniques.

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14
Q

What are the types of separation techniques?

A

Filtration, chromatography and distillation.

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15
Q

Are there new substances formed in separation techniques?

A

No

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16
Q

What is seawater?

A

It is a mixture of salt and water.

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17
Q

What is sodium chloride?

A

It is an ionic compound that is hard and able to withstand high temperature due to its structure.

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18
Q

What does ionic compounds have?

A

Giant ionic crystal lattice structure.

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19
Q

What does lattice consists of?

A

It consist of alternating positive and negative ions.

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20
Q

What are ions held together by?

A

It is held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.

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21
Q

What does ions of opposite charges have?

A

It has strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them.

22
Q

What is needed to overcome these forces?

A

A large amount of energy is needed.

23
Q

Ionic compounds tends to have what?

A

It tends to have very high melting and boiling points.

24
Q

What state they’re in at room temperature?

A

Solid.

25
Q

What does the strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions do to ionic compounds?

A

It makes the ionic compounds resistant to deforming.

26
Q

What forces the ions to do?

A

It forces the ions to resist motion.

27
Q

What happens when enough force is applied to ions?

A

The ions move away from their lattice positions

28
Q

What happens when the repulsive forces between ions of the same charge become larger then the attractive forces?

A

The lattice structure will shatter.

29
Q

What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?

A

they are in the aqueous state

30
Q

What if the ionic compound is in the solid state?

A

The ions in the lattice are only able to vibrate about their fixed positions. Hence, the ions are not mobile.

31
Q

What if the compound is molten or in the aqueous state?

A

The ions are mobile and can conduct electricity.

32
Q

What does a substance that conducts electricity contains?

A

It contains charged particles that are free to move.

33
Q

What does alcohol and cooking gas consist?

A

It consist of simple covalent molecules.

34
Q

Atoms in molecules are held by what?

A

It is held by strong covalent bonds.

35
Q

Molecules are held together by what?

A

It is held by weak intermolecular forces of attractions.

36
Q

What is needed to overcome weak intermolecular forces of attraction?

A

Only a small amount of energy is needed to overcome it.

37
Q

What is easily overcome with a small amount of energy?

A

It is the weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

38
Q

What happens if the molecules gets larger?

A

The intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger and so the melting and boiling points are higher.

39
Q

Bromine and methane are usually insoluble and soluble in what?

A

They are usually insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like oil.

40
Q

Why does simple covalent substances in the solid, liquid or gaseous state do not conduct electricity?

A

That is because they do not have any mobile electrons or ions.

41
Q

What if the covalent substance is soluble in water?

A

Its aqueous solution conducts electricity due to the presence of mobile ions.

42
Q

Metal can exist as what?

A

Pure elements

43
Q

Metals can be mixed with what?

A

They can be mixed with other elements to produce alloys

44
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements

45
Q

What does the irregular arrangement of atom sin alloys lead to?

A

It leads to the difference in properties between alloys and pure metal.

46
Q

What happens if enough force is applied to pure metals?

A

The layers of atoms can slide over one another easily.

47
Q

What happens if pure metals are hammered?

A

Pure metals can be bent or flattened into a thin sheet called malleable. They can be also be pulled into a wire without breaking which is called ductile.

48
Q

Why do alloys don’t have a fixed melting point?

A

That is because alloy is a mixture and it usually melt over a range of temperatures.

49
Q

Why does most metal and alloys can conduct electricity?

A

Because metal atoms have valence electrons that are free to move throughout the structure.

50
Q

What happens if you mix different elements in varying ratios?

A

New materials with a very wide range of physical and chemical properties can be created.

Chemistry (2 decks)

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