Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Flashcards
Force of attraction between any atoms in a compound
Chemical bonding
Interactions involving __________ that are responsible for the chemical bond
valence electrons
A way to represent atoms using the element symbol and valence electrons as dots
Lewis Symbols
In Lewis symbols, the number of dots used corresponds directly to the number of ______ located in the _____ of the atoms of the element
valence electrons, outermost shell
attractive force due to the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
Ionic bond
Reason for attraction between atoms
The attraction is due to the
opposite charges of the ions
attractive force due to the sharing of electrons between atoms
Covalent bond
is a symmetrical 3-D structural arrangements of atoms, ions or molecules (constituent particle) inside a crystalline solid as points
Crystal lattice
Compounds containing covalent bonds are called???
covalent compounds or molecules
Bonds of diatomic elements
covalent bond
A physical property of compounds which relates other physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular interactions between molecules.
Bond polarity
bonds made up of unequally shared electron pairs
Polar covalent bonding
bonds made up of equally shared electrons pairs
Nonpolar covalent bonding
Electronegativity Difference Range of nonpolar covalent bond
0.0 - 0.4
Electronegativity difference range of polar covalent bond
0.5 - 2.0
Electronegativity difference range of ionic bond
greater than 2.0
Chemical bond: metal + nonmetal
ionic
Chemical bond: 2 nonmetals
covalent
In ionic bond, electrons are _____
transfered
Chemical bond: boiling and melting point of ionic bond
High
In covalent bonds, electrons are ____
Shared
the assignment of a correct and unambiguous name to each and every chemical compound
Nomenclature
2 naming systems
- ionic compounds
- covalent compounds
representation of the fundamental compound using element symbols and numerical subscripts
Chemical formula
Method: the charge of each ion is crossed over to become a subscript of the other ion
Crisscross method
How to name representative metal
Metal (element name) + nonmetal (stem name of nonmetal + suffix -ide)
2 names for transition metals
- stock name
- classical name
How to form stock name?
Use element name + Roman numeral that represent the charge of the cation + anion stem + -ide
How to form classical name (common name)
Use of Latin name stem + the suffix -ous (lower charge) or -ic (higher charge) of the cation + anion stem + -ide
Composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together with an overall positive or negative charge
Polyatomic ion
one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
Single bond
two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
double bond
three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
triple bond
- the amount of energy required to break a bond holding two atoms together
Bond energy
Decreasing bond energy
triple bond > double bond > single bond
Distance separating the nuclei of two adjacent atoms
Bond length
Decreasing bond length order
Single bond > double bond > triple bond
A property of a compound having two or more possible Lewis structures that contribute to the real structure.
Resonance structures
- The possible structures do not accurately represent the structure of the compound experimentally.
Resonance structures
- less than eight electrons around an atom other than H
Incomplete octet
if there is an odd number of valence electrons, it is not possible to give every atom eight electrons
Odd electron
an element in the 3rd period or below may have 10 and 12 electrons around it
Expanded octet
VSEPR theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
used to predict the shape of the molecules
VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)
attractive forces within molecules (chemical bonds).
Intramolecular forces
attractive forces between molecules (hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces, London dispersion forces, etc.)
Intermolecular forces
the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature
Solubility
– has direct proportionality to B.P. and M.P
Molecular mass
polar molecules have higher B.P. and M.P. than nonpolar molecules due to their strong intermolecular forces of attraction
Polarity
