Structure and Functions: Organelles Flashcards
1
Q
What cells are Animal and plant cells?
A
eukaryotic cells.
2
Q
It is surrounded by a plasma
membrane.
A
animal cell
3
Q
It encloses the
cytoplasm in which is suspended the
membrane-bound nucleus and cell
organelles.
A
The plasma membrane
4
Q
It lacks a cell wall.
A
Animal cell
5
Q
It contains the genetic material (DNA) and is bound by a double membrane. (Nuclear
envelope)
A
The membrane-bound nucleus
6
Q
The membrane-bound nucleus contains:
A
the genetic material (DNA) and is bound
by a double membrane. (Nuclear
envelope)
7
Q
An animal cell is surrounded by a
A
plasma
membrane.
8
Q
It contain organelles, most of which are membrane-bound.
A
Animal cells
9
Q
The plasma membrane encloses the
cytoplasm in which is suspended the
A
- membrane-bound nucleus
- cell organelles.
10
Q
What are the Organelles which are not membrane bound?
A
- Ribosomes
- Centrioles
11
Q
It carry out specific functions that
are necessary for normal functioning of the cell (varied and ranging from hormones and
enzymes production)
A
Cell organelles
12
Q
What are the Membrane-bound organelles?
A
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
13
Q
It contain glycogen granules as food
storage.
A
Animal cells
14
Q
It contain of Animal cells as food storage.
A
glycogen granules
15
Q
Ribosome
A
Without membrane
16
Q
Mitochondria
A
Double membrane
Organelle
17
Q
Lysosome
A
Single membrane
Organelle
18
Q
Nucleus
A
Double membrane
Organelle
19
Q
effectively compartmentalize a cell’s activities, improving efficiency, and protecting cell contents from harsh chemicals.
A
Organelles
20
Q
enable cells to secrete substances, derive energy from nutrients, degrade debris, and reproduce.
A
Organelles
21
Q
Structure, Function, and Distribution of Cell
Organelles
A
22
Q
PLASMA MEMBRANE
A
23
Q
defines its limits, and regulates the nature of its interaction with its environment.
A
plasma membrane
24
Q
Specific Functions of Plasma Membrane
A
- Forms a boundary
- Gives shape, mechanical strength, and protection to the cell
- Regulates and controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell – SELECTIVE
PERMEABILITY - Provides receptor sites
- Cell – cell recognition
- Joins cells together
- Attachment to the cytoskeleton
- Provides attachment sites for enzymes
- Divides a cell into separate compartments
- Acts as an intracellular transport system
25
To enable specific cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change shape as they move through
narrow capillaries
26
plasma membrane must be
very flexible
27
The surface of the plasma membrane contains
markers that enable cells to identify one
another
28
CYTOPLASM
29
A jelly-like substance contained within
the plasma membrane.
CYTOPLASM
30
2 Parts of CYTOPLASM:
- Cytosol
- Cell organelles
31
It provides different local environments that
facilitates the occurrence of complex metabolic reactions or even incompatible processes, simultaneously and in the correct
sequence within the same cell.
Compartmentalization
32
NUCLEUS
33
It is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell.
nucleus
34
The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the
- information processing
- administrative center of the cell
35
According to, nucleus is one of the most
obvious parts of the cell when you look at a picture of the cell.
Dr. Julie A. Serge
36
Nucleus is really an important part of the cell to
protect
37
the nucleus contains all of the
cell's chromosomes
38
what is the job cell's chromosomes?
To encode the genetic material.
39
Two major functions of nucleus:
- It stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA,
- It coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction
(cell division)
40
Only the cells of advanced organisms, known as
eukaryotes,
41
Is eukaryotes have a nucleus? Is it true or false?
True
42
What cell is Simpler one-celled organisms?
prokaryotes
43
Examples of prokaryotes?
- bacteria
- cyanobacteria
44
Is prokaryotes does have a nucleus?
don't have a nucleus.
45
In these organisms, all of the cell's information and administrative functions are dispersed throughout the
cytoplasm
46
What is the job of the nuclear envelope?
It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cellular cytoplasm.
47
It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cellular cytoplasm.
nuclear envelope
48
The envelope is riddled with holes called
nuclear pores
49
It allow specific types and sizes of
molecules to pass back and forth between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
nuclear pores
50
The semifluid matrix found inside the nucleus is called
nucleoplasm.
51
NUCLEOLUS
52
is a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes, the
cell's protein-producing structures.
nucleolus
53
Through the microscope, it looks like a large dark spot within the nucleus.
nucleolus
54
It may contain up to four nucleoli, but within each species the number of nucleoli is fixed.
nucleus
55
A nucleus may contain up to
four nucleoli
56
Through the microscope, the nucleolus looks like a
large dark spot within the nucleus.
57
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
58
Serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and
transport of proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
59
2 types of ER
Rough and Smooth ER
60
It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.
Smooth ER
61
RIBOSOMES
62
Protein factories of the cell.
RIBOSOMES
63
What are the 2 types of Ribosomes?
- Bound Ribosomes
- Free Ribosomes
64
GOLGI APPARATUS
65
Acts as the warehouse and packaging
factory for macromolecules.
GOLGI APPARATUS
66
It receives, stores, modifies, finishes,
sorts, and packages secretory proteins
arriving from the ER prior to sending
them to other destinations.
GOLGI APPARATUS
67
Cis and Trans face
GOLGI APPARATUS
68
LYSOSOMES
69
Intracellular Digestion
LYSOSOMES
70
Also play as defense system
LYSOSOMES
71
Autophagy and autolysis
LYSOSOMES
72
Hydrolytic enzyme
LYSOSOMES
73
MITOCHONDRIA
74
Sites of energy production: generate
most supply of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP)
MITOCHONDRIA
75
Cellular Respiration site
MITOCHONDRIA
76
Levels of Organization of the Cell
77
LEVEL ONE: CELLS
78
is the smallest functioning unit of all living
organisms
Cell
79
Both plants and animals possess many cell
types. It is true or false?
True
80
It can aid living organisms in nutrition absorption.
Cells
81
It is used by both plant and animal cells to store
genetic material.
DNA
82
In animals, these nutrients are derived from
food
83
For plants, most of their food comes from
sunlight
84
What would happened if DNA didn't exist (without DNA)?
living things wouldn't
be able to pass on traits that are unique to them or
their species to the next generation.
85
are composed of cells and have a similar structure and function
Tissues
85
are the biological components that give rise to organs and other body structures.
Tissues
85
It border bodily cavities and surfaces, such as the inside of the stomach and the epidermis.
Epithelial tissues
85
The body's muscles are composed of
muscular tissue
85
What are four primary types of animal body tissues?
- Epithelial tissues
- Connective tissue
- Muscular tissue
- Nervous tissue
86
LEVEL TWO: TISSUES
87
It supports, protects, and ties together specific bodily components, such as muscles. Cartilage, tendons, and ligaments are examples of connective tissues.
Connective tissue
88
examples of Epithelial tissues
inside of the stomach and the epidermis.
89
examples of connective tissues
- muscles
- Cartilage
- tendons
- ligaments
89
This tissue is capable of contracting and expanding in certain ways to generate movement.
muscular tissue
90
, like that in the central nervous system,
can both take in information and send it along.
Nervous tissue,
91
LEVEL THREE: ORGANS
92
LEVEL FOUR: ORGAN SYSTEM
92
are structures composed
of certain types of tissue that perform specialized functions in the body.
Organs
93
It is made up of the stomach, large intestine, and colon, breaks
down food.
The digestive system
93
How many systems in the human body?
eleven systems
94
are groupings of two or more organs that execute a certain function in concert.
Organ systems
95
LEVEL FIVE: ORGANISM
95
It is is made up of the nose, lungs, and larynx, makes
it possible for us to breathe.
The respiratory system
96
are comprehensive, entire forms of life. The size and form of different organisms
may vary significantly. Elephants and flowers,
for instance, are both creatures. However, all
creatures share a few characteristics.
Organisms
96
Every living thing contains cells. They are
capable of
- reproduction and growth.
- absorbing nutrition,
- producing waste
- reacting to environmental stimuli.
97
Major Organs in the
body
98
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
99
A Sectional View of the Heart The heart's
basic anatomy is shown, including
-chambers
- major blood veins
- the conducting system (yellow), which
includes the sinoatrial node,
atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers.
100
It consists of the heart and blood arteries, is responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to all body tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste
products.
cardiovascular system
101
The cardiovascular system, which consists
- heart
- blood arteries
102
are controlled by a number of signal molecules and play a key role in blood pressure management and oxygen and nutrient delivery.
Blood vessel smooth muscle cells
103
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
104
is the process that brings oxygen in the air into your lungs and moves oxygen and through your body.
Breathing
105
It removes the oxygen and pass it through our bloodstream, where it's carried off to the tissues and organs that allow us to walk, talk, and move.
lungs
106
also take carbon dioxide from our blood and release it into the air when we
breathe out.
lungs
107
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
108
What comprise your digestive system?
- gastrointestinal (GI) tract, - - liver
- pancreas,
- gallbladder
109
Your digestive tract is specifically designed to
convert food into the nutrients and energy you
need to live.
109
It consists of a collection of
hollow organs that are interconnected from the
mouth to the anus.
GI (gastrointestinal) tract
110
It is specifically designed to
convert food into the nutrients and energy you
need to live. It then neatly wraps your solid waste, or stool, for elimination during a bowel movement.
digestive tract
111
URINARY SYSTEM
112
What is the purpose of the urinary system?
to filter blood and produce urine as waste.
113
The purpose of this system is to filter blood and produce urine as
waste.
URINARY SYSTEM
114
The kidney and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste
called
urea
115
The kidney and urinary systems help the body to
to eliminate liquid waste
called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and
water in balance.
115
Examples of Chemicals?
- potassium
- sodium
- water in balance.
116
It regulates the generation of red blood cells in the
bone marrow.
erythropoietin
117
also produce erythropoietin in regulating blood pressure
kidneys
118
It maintain the acid-base balance and
preserve water.
kidneys
119
NERVOUS SYSTEM
120
What are the two major components of the nervous system?
- Brain and spinal cord
- The peripheral nervous system
121
It comprise the central nervous system.
Brain and spinal cord
122
It is composed of nerves that run from the spinal cord to every area of the body.
The peripheral nervous system
123
It transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs. In this way, the nervous system’s activity controls the ability to move, breathe, see, think, and more
nervous system
