structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
bones in the body
cranium
humerus
vertebrate
scapula
clavicle
radius
ulna
sternum
patella
pelvis
femur
tibia
fibula
talus
functions of the skeleton
1.Support and structure
2.Protection of vital organs
3.Movement
4.Mineral Storage
5.Blood Cell Production
What is Support/Structure in structure of the skeleton
bones offer framework to support body+house vital organs
What is protection of vital organs in function of the skeleton?
different bone types protect vital organs such as the heart,brain and lungs
What is movement in the function of the skeleton?
bones acts as levers for muscles to allow the body to move
What is mineral storage in the function of the skeleton
bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphate
What is blood cell production in the function of the skeleton
bone marrow creates blood cells
what is the structure of the skeleton
1.provides a framework for movement
2.allows movement to occur at a joint
3.flat bones provide protection of vital organs
4.skeleton provides a point of attachment for muscles-when muscles contract they pull a bone
What type of bone is the cranium
Flat bone
What does the cranium offer?
Protection and structure to the brain
What type of bone is the vertebrate
Flat bone
What does the vertebrate do
Runas along the spinal cord and protects it and offers support for the weight if the body and head
what does the scapula offer
allows movement of the arm to occur
what sporting action does the humerus and scapula do
rotation of the arm for swimming
what does the sternum offer
protection of the vital organs in your torso and connection point for other bones and muscles
what does the ribs offer?
Provide protection to vital organs (heart and lungs) while also supporting the chest and upper body structure while also allowing for respiration
ulna
allows the forearm and hand to be moved towards and away from the body
radius
connects with wrist joint and allows actions such as throwing a ball effectively
what does the pelvis offer
connects spine to the lower limbs.offering the location for many muscles to join
what is the femur + its functions
strongest + longest bone in the body
connects to the pelvis
transmits force from the tibia to the hip joint
whats the tibia + its functions
shin bone
bears most of the body’s weight and absorbs as we walk or run.
role of the fibula
stablises the ankle and supports the muscles in the lower leg
what is the function of the talus
allows lower body movement frlm the ankle joint
what do muscles do
muscles attach to bones via tendons to allow movement at joints
what are the muscles on the front side of the body?
deltoids
rotator cuffs
pectorals
abdominals
biceps
hip flexors
quadriceps
tibalis anterior
what are the muscles in the flip side of the body
triceps
latissimus dorsi
gluteals
hamstrings
gastrochemius
what are synovial joints?
synovial joints are filled with fluid that surround cartilage attached to the end of bones that meet at the joint
how do synovial joints reduce the risk of injury
1.A tough capsule that surrounds the joint,lined by a synovial membrane
2.Ligaments joining bones to bones which prevents unnecessary movement and dislocations
3.Synovial fluid that lubricates the joint(created in the capsule) reduces friction and wear of the joint
4.Further smaller bags of synovial fluid called bursae also surrounds the joint to prevent friction from the movement of tendons across the surface of the joint
what are the different type of synovial joints
hinge joint
ball and socket joint
what is extension?
increasing the angle of a joint
what is flexion?
decreasing the angle of the joint
what us plantar flexion
the action of pointing your toes towards the ground
what is dorsiflexion?
pulling your toes up towards your lower leg
what is adduction?
the action of moving the arm down towards the body
what is abduction ?
the action of moving the arm up and away from the body
where are hinge located + sporting example
Humerus and radius
-a bicep curl when completing weight lifting activities
Femur and Tibia
-a lunge when attempting to reach a net shot in badminton
Tibia + Fibula + Talus
-maintaining balance when performing kicking in swimming
where are ball and socket joints located + a sporting example
Clavicle + Scapula + Deltoid
-front crawl in swimming
Femur and Pelvis
-Efficient movement of the leg when kicking in football
How do muscles work together ?
Antagonistic pairs
What is the agonist
the muscle that contracts to cause the movement.Also known as the prime mover
What is the antagonist?
the muscle the relaxes
what is the different types of contractions?
isotonic
isometric
what is an isotonic contraction?
concentric-shortening/contracting
eccentric-relaxing/lengthening
What is isometric contractions?
Relaxed,unmoving state of the muscle.It is still tight.
