Structure And Functions Of Proteins, Carbohydrates And Lipids

Question 1

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 2

To store and transmit genetic information

Question 3

True or False: RNA is double-stranded.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 4

A double helix

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________.

Answer 5

nucleotides

Question 6

What are the three main types of RNA?

Answer 6

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 7

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 7

Messenger RNA

Question 8

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 8

To transfer amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

Question 9

What is the function of rRNA?

Answer 9

To form the core of ribosome’s structure and catalyze protein synthesis

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a protein

Question 11

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

Answer 11

Alleles

Question 12

What is the relationship between chromosomes and genes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes are structures that organize and carry genes.

Question 13

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 13

23 pairs

Question 14

True or False: All genes have only one allele.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the main role of DNA replication?

Answer 15

To create an identical copy of DNA for cell division

Question 16

What enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called __________.

Answer 17

translation

Question 18

What is a mutation?

Answer 18

A change in the DNA sequence

Question 19

What can mutations lead to?

Answer 19

Genetic diversity, diseases, or changes in traits

Question 20

What is the complementary base pair for adenine in DNA?

Answer 20

Thymine

Question 21

What is the complementary base pair for cytosine in RNA?

Answer 21

Guanine

Question 22

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 22

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 23

What is the term for the location of a gene on a chromosome?

Answer 23

Locus

Question 24

What is the function of introns in a gene?

Answer 24

They are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.

Question 25

What are exons?

Answer 25

Coding sequences in a gene that are expressed.

Question 26

True or False: All RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What is the role of transcription in gene expression?

Answer 27

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

Question 28

What type of bond holds the nucleotide bases together in DNA?

Answer 28

Hydrogen bonds

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is converted to RNA is called __________.

Answer 29

transcription

Question 30

What is a chromosome made of?

Answer 30

DNA and proteins (histones)

Question 31

What does the term ‘genotype’ refer to?

Answer 31

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 32

What does the term ‘phenotype’ refer to?

Answer 32

The observable traits of an organism

Question 33

What is the impact of dominant alleles on phenotype?

Answer 33

They mask the effect of recessive alleles.

Question 34

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 34

To facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Question 35

True or False: DNA can be found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

Answer 36

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Question 37

What are telomeres?

Answer 37

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent degradation.

Question 38

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Answer 38

It dictates how sequences of nucleotides are translated into amino acids.