structure and function of the respiratory system 1

Question 1

what is part of the conduction zone of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole

Question 2

what is part of the transitional and respiratory zone

Answer 2

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

Question 3

function of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

§ Warms air
§ Humidifies air
§ Filters air

Question 4

structural adaptations of the conduction zones

Answer 4

cartilage - decreases as it descends to lower levels

smooth muscle - control the diameter

Question 5

what defence do the respiratory system have

Answer 5

§ Mucociliary escalator

§ Mucus production by goblet cells and glands

Ciliated epithelium

Question 6

what are the cells at the exchange zone for gas exchange

Answer 6

type 1 pneumocytes

Question 7

adaptations of type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 7

□ Very thin

□ Capillaries in very close contact with air spaces

Question 8

function of type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 8

• produce surfactant that minimize surface tension in the alveoli

Question 9

what is the primary respiratory muscle

Answer 9

diaphragm

Question 10

what is the accessory respiratory muscle

Answer 10

external intercostal muscle

Question 11

is expiration passive or active

Answer 11

passive

Question 12

when actively expire, what muscles are used

Answer 12

abdominal muscles
internal intercostal muscles

Question 13

name of horses ventilation

Answer 13

biphasic ventilation

Question 14

what does biphasic ventilation mean

Answer 14

(inspiration is passive while expiration is active)

Question 15

what is locomotor-ventilation coupling

Answer 15

synchronization between the movements of locomotion and the breathing patterns in animals

Question 16

what is pleural cavity

Answer 16

potential space

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Question 17

what pressure is within the pleural cavity

Answer 17

sub-atmospheric (negative relative to atmosphere pressure)

Question 18

why is it called potential space

Answer 18

it is not an empty space but a narrow gap filled with a small amount of pleural fluid

Question 19

structure of pleura

Answer 19

visceral pleura
parietal pleura
pleural cavity

Question 20

3 divisions of parietal pleura

Answer 20

○ Costal pleura lines inside of lateral wall of rib cage

○ Mediastinal pleural lines with the mediastinum

• Diaphragmatic pleura lines cranial surface of the diaphragm

Question 21

function of pleural fluid

Answer 21

acts as lubricant

Question 22

conditions that affect pleural cavity

Answer 22

1. Pneumothorax

• Air enters the pleural space, which may be caused by a chest injury, lung disease etc.

2. Haemothorax

• Blood enters the pleural space

3. Pyothorax

• Pus enters the pleural space

4. Pleural effusion

Fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity