Structure and Function of the Organelles

Question 1

Lipid bilayer
composed of
phospholipids and
cholesterol

Answer 1

Plasma
Membrane

Question 2

electrical
charge difference
across the plasma
membrane.

Answer 2

Membrane
Potential

Question 3

the hereditary
material of the cell.
It controls cell activities by producing proteins
through RNA.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Contains chromatin
(dispersed, thin
strands of DNA and
associated
proteins), which
condenses to
become visible
mitotic
chromosomes
during cell division

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

consist
of small and large
subunits
manufactured in the
nucleolus and
assembled in the
cytoplasm

Answer 5

Ribosome

Question 6

Synthesizes
proteins and
transports them to
Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum

Question 7

Manufactures
lipids and
carbohydrates

Answer 7

Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum

Question 8

Flattened
membrane sacs
stacked on each
other

Answer 8

Golgi
apparatus

Question 9

Carry substances
from the Golgi
apparatus to the
plasma
membrane, where
the contents of
the vesicles are
released by
exocytosis

Answer 9

Secretory
Vesicles

Question 10

Contains
digestive
enzymes

Answer 10

Lysosome

Question 11

Breaks down
hydrogen
peroxide

Answer 11

Peroxisome

Question 12

Tubelike protein
complexes in the
cytoplasm

Answer 12

Proteasomes

Question 13

Are major sites of
ATP synthesis
when oxygen is
available

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

Pair of cylindrical
organelles
consisting of triplets
of parallel
microtubules;
located in the
centrosome, a
specialized area of
the cytoplasm
where microtubule
formation occurs

Answer 14

Centrioles

Question 15

Extensions of the
plasma membrane
containing doublets
of parallel
microtubules; 10 μm
in length

Answer 15

Cilia

Question 16

Extension of the
plasma membrane
containing doublets
of parallel
microtubules; 55 μm
in length

Answer 16

Flagellum

Question 17

Increase surface
area of the
plasma
membrane for
absorption and
secretion

Answer 17

Microvilli

Question 18

visualize the general features of
cells; limited magnification.

Answer 18

Light Microscope

Question 19

to study the fine structures of
cells

Answer 19

Electron microscopes

Question 20

reveal
features of the cell surface and the surfaces of internal
structures

Answer 20

A scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 21

to see
“through” parts of the cell and thus to discover detailed
aspects of cell structure.

Answer 21

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 22

is a normal
process by which cell number within various tissues
is adjusted and controlled.

Answer 22

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death