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ccma > Structure and Function of the Body > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the Body Flashcards

Chapter 6-18

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the physical structure of the body and organs

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2
Q

physiology

A

the science of the function of cells, tissue, and organs

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

steady state (normal)

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4
Q

midline/midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into equal left and right parts

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5
Q

medial

A

anything toward the midline

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6
Q

lateral

A

anything away from the midline

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7
Q

proximal

A

nearness to the point of attachment (applicable to the arms, legs, fingers, and toes)

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8
Q

distal

A

distance away from the point of attachment (applicable to the arms, legs, fingers, and toes)

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9
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides the body into front and back halves

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10
Q

anterior/ventral

A

the front

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11
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

the back

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12
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into the top half and bottom half

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13
Q

superior/cephalic

A

towards the head (above the line)

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14
Q

inferior/caudal

A

toward the feet (below the line)

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15
Q

body cavities

A

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)

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16
Q

four abdominal quadrants

A

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

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17
Q

nucleus

A

“the brain”

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18
Q

goli apparatus

A

digestion

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19
Q

mitochondria

A

the powerhouse (cellular respiration and enegry production)

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20
Q

epithelial tissue

A

form the body’s glands, cover the surface of the body, and lien cavities

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21
Q

connective tissue

A

Supporting structure, connecting other tissues together to form organs and body parts. Three categories conceive, supportive, fluid

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22
Q

Nerve tissue

A

found throughout the body

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23
Q

myelin sheath

A

is a sleeve (sheath) that’s wrapped around each nerve cell (neurons). It’s a protective layer of fat (lipids) and protein that coats the main “body” section of a neuron called the axon.

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24
Q

voluntary muscle

A

impulses from the brain (ex: skeletal muscle)

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25
Q

involuntary muscle

A

action occurs without control/ conscious awareness

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26
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that connect the CNS to every organ and area of the body

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28
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

specialized part of the peripheral system (controls internal organs and other self-regulation body functions)

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29
Q

frontal lobe

A

behind the forehead; related to emotion, personality, moral traits, and intellectual functions

30
Q

cerebellum

A

smooth muscle movement, muscle tone, and coordination of sensory impulses

31
Q

medulla oblongata

A

part of the brain stem that adjoins the spinal cord

32
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

watery cushion (shock absorber) to provide additional protection for the delicate tissues of CNS

33
Q

CAT/ CT (computerized axial tomography)

A

series of x-rays of layers of the brain to construct three-dimensional picture; doughnut-shaped

34
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

large white tube and uses powerful magnets to generate pictures

35
Q

meninges

A

three layers of membranes that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord

36
Q

occulta

A

“hidden”

37
Q

TIA (transient ischemic attack)

A

Recuring strokelike event; lasts from few seconds to hours, then disappears after 12-24 hours. WARNING SIGN of impending stroke

38
Q

conjunctiva

A

a thin, clear membrane that protects your eye

39
Q

pupil

A

the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes

40
Q

iris

A

eye color

41
Q

retina

A

back of eye

42
Q

integumentary

A

external covering or skin (the largest organ)

43
Q

functions of the skin

A

protection, perception, temp control, absorption, excretion

44
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

bottom layer; has fat globules, blood vessels, and nerves

45
Q

dermis

A

middle layer; contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicle and sweat glands

46
Q

epidermis

A

top layer; has papillae

47
Q

melanin

A

melanocytes (skin color)

48
Q

Herpes Simplex I

A

often associated with lesions in the oral-nasal area

49
Q

Herpes Simplex II

A

associated with genital lesions

50
Q

Impetigo

A

contagious, superficial skin infection (usually seen in young children); yellow crust develops from drainage; good hygiene for treatment

51
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition that is recurrent, with alternating periods of remission/increased severity; red papules that covered with silvery scales; NO cured

52
Q

Axial skeleton

A

spinal column, skull, and rib cage

53
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders, and pelvis

54
Q

how many bones do babies and adults have?

A

baby has 270 bones; adult has 206

55
Q

Need to know: bones

A

cranium; acromion process; humerus; ulna; radius; femur; tibia; fibula

56
Q

main minerals of bones

A

calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium

57
Q

ends of long bones

A

Proximal epiphysis (red marrow), Diaphsis (yellow marrow), Distal epiphysis

58
Q

functions of the skeleton

A

Support, protection, points of attachments, give shape, formation of red and white blood cells and platelets, storage of calcium

59
Q

breakfast, lunch, dinner

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumber (5)

60
Q

skull bones

A

maxilla and mandible

61
Q

Ribs (costals)

A

true ribs (attachment) and false ribs (floating)

62
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

incomplete fracture; children

63
Q

closed fracture

A

simple, complete; skin is intact

64
Q

open fracture

A

Compound; skin is broken

65
Q

impacted fracture

A

jagged; from trauma

66
Q

comminuted fracture

A

trauma; a lot of broken bone fragments

67
Q

spiral fracture

A

twisting, mostly seen with abuse

68
Q

depressed

A

only with skull

69
Q

Colles’

A

catching self while falling; young children and elderly

70
Q
A

ccma (2 decks)

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