Structure and function of small intestine and pancreas - Macroanatomy

Question 1

The duodenum begins at the polyrus and terminates at what landmark? The duodenum itself is behind or infront of the pancreas?

Answer 1

Dudodenal flexure

Found Anterior to pancreas

Question 2

The duodenum consists of 4 parts. Name them

Answer 2

Question 3

Approximate length of duodenum?

Answer 3

25cm

Question 4

What is the arterial supply for the duodenum?

Answer 4

• Gastroduodenal artery - from the common hepatic artery
  
  • Superior pancreticoduodenal arteries - which brnaches from gastroduodenal
• Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries - from the superior mesenteric artery

Question 5

What ligament attaches the superior dudeonum to the liver?

Answer 5

Heptaoduodenal ligament

Question 6

The descending portion of the the duodenum curves inferiorly around the head of the ????? Pancreas. It lies posteriorly to the ?????, and ??????? to the right kidney.

Answer 6

• head
• posteriorly to the transverse colon
• Anterior

Question 7

What is the notable point of entry of liver and pancreatic secretions visible on the mucosal surface of the duodenum?

Answer 7

• Major duodenal papilla

Question 8

The inferior portion of the dudeonum crosses in front of which two major vessels (these are also behind the pancreas)

Answer 8

Abdominal aorta (left)

Inferior vena cava (right)

Question 9

After the duodenum crosses the aorta, it ascends and curves anteriorly to join the duodenum at a sharp turn known as ????

Answer 9

Duodenal jejunal flexure

Question 10

At the duodenal junction there is a special portion of muscle that helps widen the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure. What is this called?

Answer 10

Suspensory muscle of the duodenum

Question 11

The initial 3cm of the superior duodenum is covered by visceral peritoneum. There remainder is????????

Answer 11

• retroperitoneal

Question 12

The jejunum and illeum are attached to the posterior abdominal wall by what later of double peritoneum?

Answer 12

• Mesentery

Question 13

There is no clear external distinction between jejunum and illeum, although they are macroscopically different. The illeum ends at which junction?

Answer 13

• Illeocaecal junction.

Question 14

What is the function of the illeocaecal valve?

Answer 14

• prevent reflux of enteric fluid from colon into the small intestine.

Question 15

What major vessel that branches from the abdominal aorta ?

Answer 15

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

The superior mesenteric artery splits into approximately 20 branches - called ???? and ????? arteries. These branches then anastamose to form loops called???? . From them, long and straight arteries rise called ???????

Answer 16

Jejunal and illeal

Arcades

vasa recta

Question 17

Ways to discern the jejunm from the illeum

Question 18

Pancreas lies posterior to the descending duodenum. The the exception of the tail, it is located ????????

Answer 18

• Retroperitonealy

Question 19

Label the pancreas regions

Answer 19

Question 20

State the two major fucntions of the pancreas. Name some of the major products. Serves as two glands in one.

Answer 20

• Exocrine (digestive) functions
  
  • trypsinogen
  • chymotrypsinogen
  • Proelastase
  • Kallireinogen
  • Prophospholipase
• Endocrine (hormonal) functions
  
  • insulin
  • glucogen
  • somatostatin

Question 21

Label

Answer 21

Question 22

State the arterial blood supply for the pancreas

Answer 22

• Splenic artery
• Head is supplied as well as the splenic artery, by the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries which are branches of gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries respectively

Question 23

State venous blood supply for pancreas

Answer 23

• pancreatic veins which drain into hepatic portal vein
• Splenic vein