Structure and Function of Skeleton Flashcards
What minerals are stored in the bones?
Calcium Phosphorus Vitamin D Magnesium Fluoride
What’s produced in the red bone marrow?
Production of various types of blood cell
RBC, WBC, platelets
What is the name of the main bone shaft?
Diaphysis
Name a soft tissue that attaches to bone?
Ligament
Tendon
What vital organ is protected by the cranium?
Brain
Which vital organs are protected by the ribs and sternum?
Heart
Lungs
Diaphragm
Kidneys
Which bones form the axial skeleton?
Skull - Cranial
Vertebral Column - Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
Ribs
Sternum
Which bones form appendicular skeleton?
Shoulders - Scap, Clavicle Arms - Humerus, Radius, Ulna Hands - Carp, MetCarp, Phalanges Pelvis - ilium, ischium, pubis Legs - Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella Feet - Tars, MetTars, Phalanges
Which bones are more distal - carpals or the phalanges?
Phalanges
Which bone is more proximal - ischium or the tibia?
Ischium
Name the bones that form the pelvis?
ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Name the bones which form the shank / lower limb?
Tibia
Fibula
Long Bone Examples?
Femur Humerus Tibia Fibula Metacarpal Metatarsal Phalanges
Short Bone Examples?
Carpals
Tarsals
Flat Bone Examples?
Scapula Cranial bones Costals Sternum ilium
Irregular Bone Examples?
Vertebrae and calcaneus
Sesamoid Bone Examples?
Patella
What is hyaline cartilage?
Cartilage found on articulating surfaces of synovial joints.
Forms temporary skeleton of the foetus - eventually replaced by bone when calcium is deposited.
What is ossification?
The process by which bone is formed in the body from the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts with the addition of minerals.
Calcium must be present for ossification to take place.
What is Osteoporosis?
Process of bone becoming less dense thus meaning more fragile.
How can diet and exercise affect bone health?
Diet is essential for bone health especially calcium. Bone health can be impaired by excessive caffeinie, alcohol, carbonated drinks as they reduce calcium.
Weight bearing exercise can increase bone strength and density.
How many natural curves are there in the developed spine?
Four.
2 Convex - Thoracic and Sacral
2 Concave - Lumbar and Cervical
What is a neutral spine alignment?
Natural S-shaped curves. Minimal stress on passive structures. Through ear lobe Axis of shoulder Greater trochanter Anterior to axis of the knee Anterior to lateral malleolus
