Structure And Function Of Organells In Bactria Flashcards
Bacterial membrane
S: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
F: 1 Selectively permeable control, the transport of substances in and out of the cell
2 Site for energy production, ATP synthesis and various metabolic processes, like respiration and photosynthesis in some bacteria
3 Contains proteins involved in transport enzyme activity, and signal transduction
What is the structure and function of the mesosome
• Structure: Folded invaginations of the plasma membrane (considered an artifact of preparation).
• Function: Historically thought to increase surface area for enzymatic reactions, aid in cell division, and DNA replication (now less significant with modern imaging techniques)
What is the structure and function of the photosynthetic
• Structure: Specialized infoldings of the plasma membrane containing pigments (e.g., chlorophyll in cyanobacteria).
• Function: Site for photosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria, where light energy is converted into chemical energy
bacterial cell wall
• Structure:
• Gram-positive: Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids.
• Gram-negative: Thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
• Function:
• Provides shape, rigidity, and protection against osmotic pressure.
• Important for Gram staining to differentiate bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative
nucleoid
• Structure: Irregularly shaped region containing the bacterial chromosome (single circular DNA molecule).
• Function:
• Stores genetic information necessary for the cell’s functions and replication.
• Directs protein synthesis and cellular activities
plasmids
• Structure: Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules independent of chromosomal DNA
• Function : Carry genes that may provide advantages such as antibiotic resistance or metabolic capabilities
Also, can be transferred between bacteria through, Conjugation enhancing adaptability
flagellum
• Structure: Long, whip-like appendage made of flagellin protein.
• Function:
• Provides motility, allowing bacteria to move toward favorable conditions.
• Rotates like a propeller, powered by a motor at its base
capsule or slime layer in bacteria.
• Structure: Thick, well-organized, and tightly attached layer (capsule) or a loosely organized and easily removable layer (slime layer).
• Function:
• Protects against desiccation, phagocytosis, and harsh environmental conditions.
• Facilitates adherence to surfaces and biofilm formation
pili
• Structure: Short, hair-like structures made of protein (pilin).
• Function:
• Help in attachment to surfaces, host tissues, and other bacteria.
• Play a role in horizontal gene transfer by transferring genetic material (sex pili).
• Important for biofilm formation
ribosomes
• Structure: 70S ribosomes, smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes (80S).
• Function:
• Site of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.
• Essential for bacterial growth and reproduction
cytoplasm
• Function: Serves as the site of chemical reactions in the cell
