structure and function of organelles

Question 1

structure of lysosomes

Answer 1

specialised vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes

Question 2

function of lysosomes

Answer 2

breaks down cell debris and pathogens

Question 3

structure of vacuole

Answer 3

-membrane bound sac filled with water and dissolved molecules

Question 4

function of vacuole

Answer 4

-helps the plant cell to retain turgidity and store molecules

Question 5

structure of plasma membrane

Answer 5

made up of phospholipid bilayer and proteins to allow substances to enter and exit

Question 6

function of plasma membrane

Answer 6

controls entry and exit of molecules

Question 7

structure of Golgi

Answer 7

-set of flattened sacs called cisternae
-cis, medial and trans section

Question 8

function of Golgi

Answer 8

modifies and packages proteins and lipids

Question 9

smooth ER structure

Answer 9

-set of flattened sacs
-vesicles can be pinched off

Question 10

smooth ER function

Answer 10

processes and packages lipids and steroids

Question 11

rough ER structure

Answer 11

-set of flattened sacs
-encrusted with ribosomes
-vesicles can be pinched off

Question 12

rough ER function

Answer 12

processes and packages proteins

Question 13

nucleolus structure

Answer 13

section of the nucleus which is non membrane bound

Question 14

nucleolus function

Answer 14

produces ribosomes

Question 15

structure of chloroplasts

Answer 15

-contains folded membrane scalled thylakoids
-have an envelope/2 membranes
-contain a loop of DNA and ribosomes

Question 16

chloroplast function

Answer 16

carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose

Question 17

ribosome structure

Answer 17

-non membrane bound
-contains rRNA
-binds to mRNA

Question 18

ribosome function

Answer 18

carries out protein synthesis

Question 19

mitochondria structure

Answer 19

-contains cristae (foldings of the inner membrane)
-have envelope/2 membranes
-contain loop of DNA and ribsomes

Question 20

mitochondria function

Answer 20

carry out aerobic respiration to produce ATP

Question 21

cellulose cell wall structure

Answer 21

-made of polysaccharide containing alternating units of beta glucose
-hydrogen bonded together to form fibrils

Question 22

cellulose call wall function

Answer 22

gives the plant cell strength and structure

Question 23

nucleus structure

Answer 23

-contains the DNA and histone proteins supercoiled as chromatin
-has an envelope/2 membranes, with pores

Question 24

nucleus function

Answer 24

contains all genetic info for cell to produce protein

Question 25

centriole structure

Answer 25

made of sets of microtubules arranged in a circle

Question 26

centriole function

Answer 26

form the spindle in cell division

Question 27

clia and undulipodia structure

Answer 27

made of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 28

cilia and undulipodia function

Answer 28

move substances outside the cell or move the cell itself

Question 29

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 29

made of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

Question 30

cytoskeleton function

Answer 30

-form a network within the cell to give it shape and strength -keeps organelles in place -slows movement of organelles and substances around the cell -allows cell movement

Question 31

tonoplast function

Answer 31

separates content of vacuole from cytoplasm