structure and function of organelles Flashcards
structure of lysosomes
specialised vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes
function of lysosomes
breaks down cell debris and pathogens
structure of vacuole
-membrane bound sac filled with water and dissolved molecules
function of vacuole
-helps the plant cell to retain turgidity and store molecules
structure of plasma membrane
made up of phospholipid bilayer and proteins to allow substances to enter and exit
function of plasma membrane
controls entry and exit of molecules
structure of Golgi
-set of flattened sacs called cisternae
-cis, medial and trans section
function of Golgi
modifies and packages proteins and lipids
smooth ER structure
-set of flattened sacs
-vesicles can be pinched off
smooth ER function
processes and packages lipids and steroids
rough ER structure
-set of flattened sacs
-encrusted with ribosomes
-vesicles can be pinched off
rough ER function
processes and packages proteins
nucleolus structure
section of the nucleus which is non membrane bound
nucleolus function
produces ribosomes
structure of chloroplasts
-contains folded membrane scalled thylakoids
-have an envelope/2 membranes
-contain a loop of DNA and ribosomes
chloroplast function
carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose
ribosome structure
-non membrane bound
-contains rRNA
-binds to mRNA
ribosome function
carries out protein synthesis
mitochondria structure
-contains cristae (foldings of the inner membrane)
-have envelope/2 membranes
-contain loop of DNA and ribsomes
mitochondria function
carry out aerobic respiration to produce ATP
cellulose cell wall structure
-made of polysaccharide containing alternating units of beta glucose
-hydrogen bonded together to form fibrils
cellulose call wall function
gives the plant cell strength and structure
nucleus structure
-contains the DNA and histone proteins supercoiled as chromatin
-has an envelope/2 membranes, with pores
nucleus function
contains all genetic info for cell to produce protein
centriole structure
made of sets of microtubules arranged in a circle
centriole function
form the spindle in cell division
clia and undulipodia structure
made of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
cilia and undulipodia function
move substances outside the cell or move the cell itself
cytoskeleton structure
made of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments
cytoskeleton function
-form a network within the cell to give it shape and strength
-keeps organelles in place
-slows movement of organelles and substances around the cell
-allows cell movement
tonoplast function
separates content of vacuole from cytoplasm