structure and function of connective tissues Flashcards
Describe the locomotor/musculoskeletal system created with Biorender by Dr. Falcon.
It includes bones, skeleton, tendons, muscles, and joints. Bones are hard and stiff, tendons attach muscles to bones and are viscoelastic, muscles enable movement, and joints connect two bones.
What is the function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?
Tendons attach muscles to bones.
Define the term ‘viscoelastic’ in the context of the musculoskeletal system.
Viscoelastic refers to the property of tendons being able to deform slowly and recover.
How are muscles described in relation to movement in the locomotor system?
Muscles are described as enabling movement.
What is the role of joints in the musculoskeletal system?
Joints serve as connections between two bones.
Do different diseases/syndromes arising from defects of the same gene/protein have overlapping phenotypes?
Yes, overlapping phenotypes may arise from defects of different genes/proteins.
Describe the diseases mentioned in the content related to the locomotor system.
The diseases mentioned include osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and congenital cervical kyphosis.
How can cells and matrices in bone formation be assessed according to the content?
Cells and matrices in bone formation can be assessed using light, polarization, and ultrastructural microscopy.
What type of microscopy can be used to assess cells and matrices in bone formation according to the content?
Light, polarization, and ultrastructural microscopy can be used.
Define the term ‘woven and lamellar bone formation’ as mentioned in the content.
It refers to the supramolecular assessment of cells and matrices in the context of bone formation.
Describe collagen’s role as a major structural protein in the human body.
Collagen is a ubiquitous protein found in humans and vertebrates, with 28 types and 43 genes contributing to various functions. Types I, II, and III are the most abundant, making collagen a major constituent of all connective tissues.
What is the significance of collagen in the body’s connective tissues?
Collagen accounts for 80-90% of all collagen forms fibrils, making it a crucial component of connective tissues.
Define the term ‘collagen’ and its importance in the human body.
Collagen is a major structural protein present in humans and vertebrates, playing essential roles in various bodily functions and serving as a key component of connective tissues.
How many types of collagens are there, and which ones are the most abundant?
There are 28 types of collagens, with Types I, II, and III being the most abundant in the human body.
What is the role of collagen in biomechanical analysis according to the provided content?
Collagen is crucial in biomechanical analysis, as it serves as the major structural protein in the human body and contributes to various functions and roles.
Do all 28 types of collagens contribute to an array of functions in the body?
Yes, all 28 types of collagens contribute to an array of functions and roles in the human body.
How does collagen contribute to the formation of fibrils in the body?
Collagen, accounting for 80-90% of all collagen forms, plays a significant role in forming fibrils in the body’s connective tissues.
Describe the structure of collagen.
Collagen consists of three polypeptide chains, α chains, wrapped around each other to form a right-handed triple helix.
What are the two types of collagen homotrimers mentioned in the content?
Collagen II and III are homotrim with three identical chains.
Explain what heterotrim are in collagen.
Heterotrimers in collagen, like Collagens I and V, consist of 2 or 3 different chains wrapped around each other.
How is the helix formation in collagen governed?
The helix in collagen is governed by the position of individual residues relative to each other, twisting around a central axis.
Define the genes responsible for coding each α chain in collagen.
Each α chain in collagen is coded by a specific gene, such as COL1A1 and COL1A2 for Collagen I.
What is the overall role of collagen in the body?
Collagen serves as the major structural protein in various tissues, providing strength and support.
What is the significance of the arrangement of amino acids in collagen structure?
The arrangement of amino acids in collagen, such as glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, contributes to its unique structural properties as a major structural protein.
How is the structure of collagen related to its function?
The specific arrangement of amino acids in collagen, including glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, is crucial for its function as a structural protein in tissues like skin, tendons, and bones.
What are telopeptides in collagen?
Telopeptides are short regions of processed collagen monomers that aid in the crosslinking of collagen molecules and other matrix elements.
How does the C-terminal of collagen contribute to its structure?
The C-terminal region promotes the formation of the triple helix during collagen biosynthesis.
What is the role of the N-terminal region in collagen structure?
The N-terminal region contributes to the diameter of collagen fibrils. In some collagens, this terminal is completely removed.
Define collagen.
Collagen is the major structural protein in the body, providing strength and structure to tissues such as skin, tendons, and bones.
Describe the process of collagen synthesis.
Collagen first transcribed and translated in the cell, forming pre-procollagen molecules. These molecules then move into the roughoplasmic reticulum with the help of signal peptides, contributing to the correct formation of fibrils and biomechanical properties.
What is the role of ribosomes in collagen synthesis?
Ribosomes attach to collagen mRNA and translate it into pre-procollagen molecules.
How are pre-procollagen molecules transported into the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Pre-procollagen molecules are aided by signal peptides to move into the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Define collagen synthesis.
Collagen synthesis is the process where collagen mRNA is translated into pre-procollagen molecules, which then undergo further steps to form collagen fibrils.
What contributes to the correct formation of collagen fibrils during synthesis?
All steps in collagen synthesis, including transcription, translation, and movement into the rough endoplasmic reticulum, contribute to the correct formation of collagen fibrils.
