Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the Mass-balance equation?

Answer 1

(filtration + secretion) - reabsorption = excretion

Question 2

What are the functional units of the kidney?

Answer 2

Nephrons

Question 3

How is blood filtered?

Answer 3

Through the glomerulus

Question 4

What is the renal corpuscle consist of?

Answer 4

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

Question 5

What produces renin?

Answer 5

Granular cells of the afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 6

What is driven by a gradient in hydrostatic pressure, which causes water to be filtered from plasma across the glomerular membrane

Answer 6

Glomerular filtration

Question 7

What is known as glomerular filtration as it removes water and some solutes from plasma?

Answer 7

ultrafiltration

Question 8

What pathway is direct from lumen to interstitial space via tight junctions, driven by electrochemical forces

Answer 8

paracellular pathway

Question 9

What pathway requires a transport mechanism across both the apical and basolateral membranes via some sort of diffusion

Answer 9

transcellular pathway

Question 10

What type of diffusion is when the solute molecule passes freely across the apical membrane without the need for any channel or “assistance

Answer 10

Simple diffusion

Question 11

What type of diffusion is when the solute interacts with a specific protein (uniport) in the membrane that facilitates its movement across the membrane

Answer 11

Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

What type of diffusion is when two different solutes are both transported in the same direction (symport) or opposite directions (antiport) by interaction with a transport protein

Answer 12

Coupled transport diffusion