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Dermatology > Structure and Function 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Structure and Function 3 & 4 Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the DEJ?

A

A semi-permeable membrane acting as a barrier and filter and has a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

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2
Q

What are the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions the DEJ is involved in?

A

support, anchorage, adhesion, growth and differentiation of epidermal cells

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3
Q

In the DEJ where are hemidesmosomes found? What is their role?

A

Found in the basal cells and their role is to keep the DEJ together

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4
Q

What are the other layers of the DEJ? From directly beneath the basal cells downwards

A

lamina lucida
lamina densa
sub-lamina densa zone

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5
Q

What are inherited diseases of the DEJ? Give some examples

A

Skin fragility conditions due to a mutation in one of the proteins in the DEJ
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) or dystrophic (EBD)

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6
Q

What are acquires diseases of the DEJ? Give some examples

A

Auto-antibodies to proteins in the DEJ

Dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigoid

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7
Q

What are the components of the dermis?

A 
Fibroblasts
Macrophages 
Langerhans cells 
Mast cells 
Ground substance 
Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
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8
Q

Does the epidermis have a blood supply per se?

A

No. Blood flows through the dermis into the epidermis

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9
Q

In skin, where are lymphatic vessels found?

A

Sub-epidermal meshed networks

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10
Q

What is the important immune function of lymph vessels?

A

Immune surveillance by circulating lymphocytes and Langerhans cells and the channelling of micro-organisms

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11
Q

What kinds of nerves are there in skin? And what do they sense?

A

Somatic sensory (dermatomes):
Free nerve endings
Special receptors : Pacinian (pressure) and Meissners (vibration) corpuscles

Autonomic nerve supply:
blood vessels, nerves and glands

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12
Q

Where are the largest pilosebaceous units found?

A

face and chest

found as “lobules” of sebaceous glands

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13
Q

To what substance are pilosebaceous units sensitive to?

A

Hormones - quiescent pre-puberty

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14
Q

What is contained in the sebum that is secreted by the pilosebaceous units?

A

squalene
wax esters
triglycerides
free fatty acids

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15
Q

Where do pilosebaceous units open on to?

A

Hair follicles

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16
Q

Give the functions of pilosebaceous units.

A

Control moisture loss

protection from bacterial and fungal infection

17
Q

Where are apocrine glands found?

A

axillae and perineum

18
Q

What are apocrine glands dependent on?

A

androgen

19
Q

What do apocrine glands do?

A

produce oily fluid which gives the odour after bacterial decomposition “scent glands”

20
Q

Where are eccrine glands found?

A

Whole skin surface esp. palms, soles and axillae

21
Q

What are the functions of eccrine sweat glands?

A

Control moisture loss

Moisten alms/soles to aid grip

22
Q

What stimulates the eccrine sweat glands?

A

sympathetic cholinergic nerve supply –> mental, thermal and gustatory stimulation

23
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skin?

A 
Barrier 
Thermoregulation 
Communication 
Sensation 
Immune defence 
Metabolic
24
Q

What are the consequence of failure of the barrier function of skin?

A

fluid loss –> dehydration
Infection
Protein loss –> hypoalbuminaemia

25
Q

What is the consequence of failure of the thermoregulation function of skin?

A

Heat loss –> hypothermia

26
Q

What is the consequence of failure of the immune function of skin?

A

Spread of bacteria, infection

27
Q

If the metabolic function of skin stopped working, what would happen?

A

disordered thyroxine metabolism

28
Q

If you are unable to display healthy skin, what may this lead to?

A

Stigma

29
Q

What are the 3 categories of external things that the skins barrier function can stop?

A

Physical
Chemical
Pathogens

30
Q

What metabolic processes is the skin involved in?

A

Vitamin D metabolism (7-dehydrocholesterol –> Vitamin D3 when UV light is present)
Thyroid hormone metabolism (thyroxine T4 –> triiodothyronine T3)

Dermatology (11 decks)

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