structure and function Flashcards
What is the structure of a mitochondrion?
Bean-shaped, double-membrane, inner membrane highly folded
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, creating energy.
What is the primary function of the mitochondrion?
Creates energy for the cell
Mitochondria are essential for cellular respiration.
What is the description of the nucleus?
Membrane-bound, contains nuclear pores
The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cell processes.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes, directs and controls processes in the cell
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis.
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Green organelles, double membrane, contains chlorophyll
Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Carries out photosynthesis, only in plants
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
What is the structure of a vacuole?
Large, sac-like structure, larger in plant cells than animal cells
Vacuoles are involved in storage and maintaining cell turgor.
What is the function of a vacuole?
Storage unit for water and waste
Vacuoles help maintain cell pressure and store nutrients.
Describe the cytoplasm.
Semi-fluid substance located throughout the cell, holds organelles in place
The cytoplasm is essential for cellular processes.
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Made of a lipid bilayer, surrounds cytoplasm
The cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and exits the cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Semi-permeable, lets some substances in while excluding others
This property is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Flattened, membrane-enclosed tubes, continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
What is the function of the Golgi bodies?
A series of flattened, membrane-enclosed disks that package vesicles
Golgi bodies modify, sort, and package proteins for secretion.
What are vesicles?
Fluid-enclosed sac surrounded by a membrane
Vesicles transport materials within the cell.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contains digestive chemicals, kills foreign material in the cell
Lysosomes are involved in waste disposal and recycling.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Small structures composed of RNA, many found along endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Purs protein together (protein synthesis)
Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?
Made of proteins called microtubules and microfilaments, embedded in cytoplasm
The cytoskeleton helps maintain cell shape and aids in movement.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Holds organelles in place, provides structural support
The cytoskeleton is crucial for cell division and intracellular transport.
What is the structure of the cell wall?
Tough, outer layer of plant cells
The cell wall provides protection and structural support.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protection and prevents over-expansion of plant cells
The cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose.
