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pathophys 4040 > structure and function > Flashcards

structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the composition and role of fetal lung fluid.

A

chloride, bicarb, and proteins, assist with lung growth and establish frc

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2
Q

Summarize the composition of surfactant and explain its role in lung physiology.

A

10-20% of proteins, 80-90% phospholipids, decrease ST, maintain alveolar stability, and prevent atelectasis

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3
Q

Identify the major components of the upper respiratory system.

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

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4
Q

nose

A

superior and inferior concha, turbulent flow covered w/ blood vessels (warms and filters)

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5
Q

pharynx

A

naso, oro, laryngo

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6
Q

larynx

A

epiglottis- swallow flap
thyroid cartilage- adams apple
cricoid cartilage- only complete ring in larynx
cricothyroid

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7
Q

Identify the major components of the lower respiratory system.

A

trachea, mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental, bronchioles, alveoli

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8
Q

trachea

A

horse shoe cartilages, trachealis muscle- cough=closed, carina- split between R & L

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9
Q

mainstem bronchi

A

R- shorter, less slope, L-longer, more slope

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10
Q

lobar bronchi

A

5 of them, gen 2

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11
Q

segmental bronchi

A

18 of them, gen 3

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12
Q

bronchi

A

conducting airway-> no gas exchange bc no alveoli

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13
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

17-19, Start of gas exchange

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14
Q

alveolar ducts

A

20-22, gas exchange

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15
Q

alveolar sacs

A

23, gas exchange

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16
Q

acinus

A

resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, and capilarries

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17
Q

type 1 cells

A

flat, form alveoli

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18
Q

type 2 cells

A

produce surfactant

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19
Q

lamellar bodies

A

actually produces surfactant (inside type 2 cells)

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20
Q

alveolar macrophages

A

lives in alveoli, eats/destroys things not supposed to be there

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21
Q

pores of Kohn

A

holes between adjacent alveoli

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22
Q

canals of lambert

A

connect terminal bronchioles and nearby alveoli

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23
Q

tracheobronchial tree changes

A

cartilage disappears once we reach the bronchioles

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24
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

lines nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi

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25
Q

basement membrane

A

under epithelium

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26
Q

basal cells

A

repair, then become ciliated or goblet

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27
Q

goblet cells

A

secrete mucus onto cilia, creates mucous blanket

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28
Q

submucosal glands

A

secrete mucous onto ciliated epithelial surface, larger and more mucous than goblet

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29
Q

mucous blanket

A

sol- where cilia are, gel- viscous layer on top of cilia, cilia reach down to gel pick up move stuff and when they come up everything shifts

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30
Q

mucociliary clearance

A

cilia move mucous sheet toward pharynx

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31
Q

lamina propria

A

contains smooth muscle, nerves, elastic fibers, and blood vessels

32
Q

clara cells

A

watery mucus, found in terminal and resp bronchioles

32
Q

mast cells

A

key role in inflam

33
Q

apex of lungs

A

top

34
Q

base of lungs

A

bottom

35
Q

hilum

A

where the root enters the lung

36
Q

visceral pleura

A

attached to lung

37
Q

parietal pluera

A

attached to thoracic wall

38
Q

plueral space

A

potential space betweenvisceral and parietal, contains fluid so they can slide smoothly

39
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry oxygen-poor (deoxygentated) blood to the lungs

40
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood to the body

41
Q

RA-> RV-> pulm arteries-> pulm arterioles-> pulm capilarries-> gas exchange-> pulm venules.veins-> LA-> LV-> aorta-> body

A
42
Q

bronchial blood supply

A

from the aorta the bronchial artieries carry oxygenated blood to the airway walls, rest drains into pulm veins- mixing blue blood with red (anatomical shunt)

43
Q

lymphatic system

A

2 sets of lymphatic vessels- superficial vessels drain lung surfaces and pleura, deep vessels drain lung parenchyma (supporting structure)

44
Q

motor innervation

A

skeletal muscles of the chest innervated by inter costal nerves, diaphragm innervated by phrenic nerves

45
Q

sympathetic

A

under stress, thoracolumbar, smooth muscle relaxation

46
Q

sympathetic system stimulation

A

vasoconstriction causes BP to increase and heart rate increases, promotes bronchodilation

47
Q

sympathetic system secretes

A

norepinephrine/noradrenaline

48
Q

parasympathetic system secretes

A

acteylcholine (cholingeric fibers)

48
Q

parasympathetic system innervates

A

smooth airway muscle , mucous glands, and pulm vasculature

49
Q

i-NANC

A

efferent (motor) fibers that cause bronchodilation

50
Q

e-NANC

A

afferent (sensory) fibers that lead to bronchoconstriction

51
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right side

52
Q

pulmonic valve

A

right side

53
Q

mitral valve

A

left side

54
Q

aortic valve

A

left side

55
Q

2 septa

A

interatrial septum, interventricular septum

56
Q

right atrium

A

accepts deoxygenated systemic blood from the vena cava and it goes to the tricuspid valve into right ventricle

57
Q

left atrium

A

accepts oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and it goes through mitral valve into left ventricle

58
Q

right ventricle

A

takes deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps in to the pulmonic valave into the pulmonary artery

59
Q

left ventricle

A

takes oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aortic valve into the aorta

60
Q

systole

A

emptying- ventricles contract

61
Q

diastole

A

filling- ventricles relax

62
Q

pathway of electricity

A

SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, bundle of his, R & L bundle branches, purkinje fibers

63
Q

p wave

A

atrial depolarization

64
Q

PR interval

A

total atrial electrical activity

65
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

66
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

66
Q

ST segement

A

time between ventricular depolarization and ventricular poluarization

67
Q

true ribs

A

1-7, connects to sternum

68
Q

false ribs

A

8-10, connected w/ cartilage

69
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12

70
Q

angle of louis

A

sternum where rib 2 connects

71
Q

muscle contraction to elevate the sternal ends od the ribs and results in increased anterior posterior diameter, increasing thoracic volume

A

pump handle movement

72
Q

at rest the rib droops downward and during inhalation the rib swings upwards increasing the lateral diameter, increasing thoracic volume

A

bucket handle movement

73
Q

inspiratory muscles

A

scalenes (on neck), intercostals (between ribs), diaphragm, sternomastoids, pec major

74
Q

expiratory muscle

A

abdominals

pathophys 4040 (3 decks)

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