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pathophys 4040 > structure and function > Flashcards

structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the composition and role of fetal lung fluid.

A

chloride, bicarb, and proteins, assist with lung growth and establish frc

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2
Q

Summarize the composition of surfactant and explain its role in lung physiology.

A

10-20% of proteins, 80-90% phospholipids, decrease ST, maintain alveolar stability, and prevent atelectasis

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3
Q

Identify the major components of the upper respiratory system.

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

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4
Q

nose

A

superior and inferior concha, turbulent flow covered w/ blood vessels (warms and filters)

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5
Q

pharynx

A

naso, oro, laryngo

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6
Q

larynx

A

epiglottis- swallow flap
thyroid cartilage- adams apple
cricoid cartilage- only complete ring in larynx
cricothyroid

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7
Q

Identify the major components of the lower respiratory system.

A

trachea, mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental, bronchioles, alveoli

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8
Q

trachea

A

horse shoe cartilages, trachealis muscle- cough=closed, carina- split between R & L

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9
Q

mainstem bronchi

A

R- shorter, less slope, L-longer, more slope

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10
Q

lobar bronchi

A

5 of them, gen 2

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11
Q

segmental bronchi

A

18 of them, gen 3

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12
Q

bronchi

A

conducting airway-> no gas exchange bc no alveoli

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13
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

17-19, Start of gas exchange

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14
Q

alveolar ducts

A

20-22, gas exchange

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15
Q

alveolar sacs

A

23, gas exchange

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16
Q

acinus

A

resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, and capilarries

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17
Q

type 1 cells

A

flat, form alveoli

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18
Q

type 2 cells

A

produce surfactant

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19
Q

lamellar bodies

A

actually produces surfactant (inside type 2 cells)

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20
Q

alveolar macrophages

A

lives in alveoli, eats/destroys things not supposed to be there

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21
Q

pores of Kohn

A

holes between adjacent alveoli

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22
Q

canals of lambert

A

connect terminal bronchioles and nearby alveoli

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23
Q

tracheobronchial tree changes

A

cartilage disappears once we reach the bronchioles

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24
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

lines nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi

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25
basement membrane
under epithelium
26
basal cells
repair, then become ciliated or goblet
27
goblet cells
secrete mucus onto cilia, creates mucous blanket
28
submucosal glands
secrete mucous onto ciliated epithelial surface, larger and more mucous than goblet
29
mucous blanket
sol- where cilia are, gel- viscous layer on top of cilia, cilia reach down to gel pick up move stuff and when they come up everything shifts
30
mucociliary clearance
cilia move mucous sheet toward pharynx
31
lamina propria
contains smooth muscle, nerves, elastic fibers, and blood vessels
32
clara cells
watery mucus, found in terminal and resp bronchioles
32
mast cells
key role in inflam
33
apex of lungs
top
34
base of lungs
bottom
35
hilum
where the root enters the lung
36
visceral pleura
attached to lung
37
parietal pluera
attached to thoracic wall
38
plueral space
potential space betweenvisceral and parietal, contains fluid so they can slide smoothly
39
pulmonary arteries
carry oxygen-poor (deoxygentated) blood to the lungs
40
pulmonary veins
carry oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood to the body
41
RA-> RV-> pulm arteries-> pulm arterioles-> pulm capilarries-> gas exchange-> pulm venules.veins-> LA-> LV-> aorta-> body
42
bronchial blood supply
from the aorta the bronchial artieries carry oxygenated blood to the airway walls, rest drains into pulm veins- mixing blue blood with red (anatomical shunt)
43
lymphatic system
2 sets of lymphatic vessels- superficial vessels drain lung surfaces and pleura, deep vessels drain lung parenchyma (supporting structure)
44
motor innervation
skeletal muscles of the chest innervated by inter costal nerves, diaphragm innervated by phrenic nerves
45
sympathetic
under stress, thoracolumbar, smooth muscle relaxation
46
sympathetic system stimulation
vasoconstriction causes BP to increase and heart rate increases, promotes bronchodilation
47
sympathetic system secretes
norepinephrine/noradrenaline
48
parasympathetic system secretes
acteylcholine (cholingeric fibers)
48
parasympathetic system innervates
smooth airway muscle , mucous glands, and pulm vasculature
49
i-NANC
efferent (motor) fibers that cause bronchodilation
50
e-NANC
afferent (sensory) fibers that lead to bronchoconstriction
51
tricuspid valve
right side
52
pulmonic valve
right side
53
mitral valve
left side
54
aortic valve
left side
55
2 septa
interatrial septum, interventricular septum
56
right atrium
accepts deoxygenated systemic blood from the vena cava and it goes to the tricuspid valve into right ventricle
57
left atrium
accepts oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and it goes through mitral valve into left ventricle
58
right ventricle
takes deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps in to the pulmonic valave into the pulmonary artery
59
left ventricle
takes oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aortic valve into the aorta
60
systole
emptying- ventricles contract
61
diastole
filling- ventricles relax
62
pathway of electricity
SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, bundle of his, R & L bundle branches, purkinje fibers
63
p wave
atrial depolarization
64
PR interval
total atrial electrical activity
65
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
66
T wave
ventricular repolarization
66
ST segement
time between ventricular depolarization and ventricular poluarization
67
true ribs
1-7, connects to sternum
68
false ribs
8-10, connected w/ cartilage
69
floating ribs
11 and 12
70
angle of louis
sternum where rib 2 connects
71
muscle contraction to elevate the sternal ends od the ribs and results in increased anterior posterior diameter, increasing thoracic volume
pump handle movement
72
at rest the rib droops downward and during inhalation the rib swings upwards increasing the lateral diameter, increasing thoracic volume
bucket handle movement
73
inspiratory muscles
scalenes (on neck), intercostals (between ribs), diaphragm, sternomastoids, pec major
74
expiratory muscle
abdominals

pathophys 4040 (3 decks)

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