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Head and Neck > Structure and Function > Flashcards

Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

head and neck assessment focuses on the…

A

cranium, face, thyroid gland and lymph nodes.

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2
Q

what is the framework of the head?

A

skull

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3
Q

what are the two subsections of skull?

A

cranium and face

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4
Q

it houses and protects the brain and major sensory organs.

A

cranium

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5
Q

how many bones are in the cranium?

A

8

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6
Q

identify the 8 cranium bones.

A

frontal (1)
parietal (2)
temporal (2)
occipital (1)
ethmoid (1)
sphenoid (1)

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7
Q

in the adult client, the cranial bones are joined together by immovable…

A

sutures

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8
Q

what are the 4 immovable sutures of cranial bones?

A

sagittal, coronal, squamous and lambdoid sutures.

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9
Q

how many bones are in facial bones?

A

14

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10
Q

identify the 14 facial bones.

A

maxilla (2)
zygomatic cheek (2)
inferior conchae (2)
nasal (2)
lacrimal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer (1)
mandible jaw (1)

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11
Q

all of the facial bones are immovable except for the…

A

mandible

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12
Q

it has free movement (up, down, and sideways) at the temporomandibular joint TMJ.

A

mandible

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13
Q

a major artery that is located between the eye and the top of the ear.

A

temporal artery

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14
Q

are located at each side of the face anterior and inferior to the ears and behind the mandible.

A

parotid glands

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15
Q

are located inferior to the mandible, underneath the base of the tongue.

A

submandibular glands

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16
Q

this is composed of muscles, ligaments and the cervical vertebrae.

A

neck

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17
Q

what are the two paired muscles that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck?

A

sternomastoid (sternocleidomastoid) and trapezius

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18
Q

it rotates and flexes the head.

A

sternomastoid muscle

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19
Q

it extends the head and moves the shoulders.

A

trapezius muscle

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20
Q

it is responsible for muscle movements that permit shrugging of the shoulders by the trapezius muscle and turning the head against resistance by the sternomastoid muscle.

A

eleventh cranial nerve (accessory nerve)

21
Q

it is located under the mandible , anterior to the sternomastoid muscle.

A

anterior triangle/anterior cervical

22
Q

it is located between the trapezius and sternomastoid muscle.

A

posterior triangle/posterior cervical

23
Q

it is located in the posterior neck and supports the cranium.

A

cervical vertebrae (C1 through C7)

24
Q

largest endocrine gland in the body. it produces thyroid hormones that increase the metabolic rate of most body cells.

A

thyroid gland

25
Q

this is where the air enters the lungs and is composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.

A

trachea

26
Q

the first upper tracheal ring is called

A

cricoid cartilage

27
Q

also called “adams apple”

A

thyroid cartilage

28
Q

attached to the tongue, lies above the thyroid cartilage and under the mandible.

A

hyoid bone

29
Q

larger and located just above the cricoid cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage

30
Q

the thyroid gland consist of two lateral lobes that curve posteriorly on both sides of the trachea and esophagus and are mostly covered by the…

A

sternomastoid muscle.

31
Q

what connect the two lateral lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

32
Q

a clear substance composed mostly of excess fluid, after the lymphatic vessels collect it but before it turns to the vascular system.

A

lymph nodes filter lymph

33
Q

What do lymph nodes produce that serve as a defense against invasion by foreign substances?

A

lymphocytes and antibodies

34
Q

they are either not palpable or may be seen like very small beads.

A

lymph nodes

35
Q

if the nodes become overwhelmed by microorganisms, as happens with infections such as ____ they swell and become painful.

A

mononucleosis

36
Q

what are the most common head and neck lymph nodes?

A

•preauricular
•postauricular
•tonsillar
•occipital
•submandibular
•submental
•superficial cervical
•posterior cervical
•deep cervical
•supraclavicular

37
Q

COLDSPA stands for?

A

Character, Onset, Location,Duration,Severity,Pattern,Associated factors

38
Q

sudden head and neck pain seen with elevated temperature and neck stiffness may be a sign of?

A

meningeal inflammation

39
Q

older clients may experience neck pain and a decreased range in motion especially those who have…

A

arthritis or osteoporosis

40
Q

a sudden severe headache with no known cause may be a sign of what?

A

stroke

41
Q

muscle contraction head ache may be caused by tightening of____ and ___muscle.

A

facial and neck muscle

42
Q

is manifested by sharp, shooting, piercing facial pains that last from seconds to minutes. pain occurs from the division of the fifth cranial nerve ( the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular area)

A

trigeminal neuralgia

43
Q

lumps and lesions that do not heal may indicate what?

A

cancer

44
Q

may appear as a large swelling at the base of the neck that the client may notice when shaving or putting on cosmetics.

A

goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

45
Q

sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination msy be a sign of?

A

stroke

46
Q

sudden weakness of numbness of the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body may indicate…

A

stroke

47
Q

radiation therapy has been linked to the development of?

A

thyroid cancer.

48
Q

radiation to the neck area may also cause…

A

esophageal structures

49
Q

the risk of ____ increases head and neck irradiation.

A

hypothyroidism

Head and Neck (5 decks)

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