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respiratory system > structure and function > Flashcards

structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two major tasks of the respiratory system?

A

external and internal respiration

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2
Q

what is external respiration?

A

exchanging air b/w the body and outside environment

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3
Q

what is internal respiration?

A

bringing oxygen into the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them

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4
Q

what happens during inspiration?

A

aka inhalation, air from the outside environment enters the nose/mouth

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5
Q

what is the nose also called?

A

external nares

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6
Q

what is the nose divided into?

A

into two halves by the nasal septum

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7
Q

what does the nose contain that warms air?

A

paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

what is cilia?

A

responsible for filtering out foreign bodies in the nose

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9
Q

what is the throat also called?

A

the pharynx

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10
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A

passageway for both air and food

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11
Q

what are the three sections of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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12
Q

what is the epiglottis?

A

a moveable flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx (voice box) & prevents food from entering it during swallowing

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13
Q

what technique prevents people from choking to death?

A

abdominal thrust

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14
Q

what is the larynx?

A

a passageway to the trachea and the area where sounds are produced

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15
Q

what determines the pitch of sound?

A

the size and thickness of vocal cords

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16
Q

what makes a high pitch?

A

short and thin cords

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17
Q

what makes a low pitch?

A

thick and long cords

18
Q

what is the glottis?

A

part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords

19
Q

what are false vocal folds?

A

close airway during swallowing

20
Q

what are true vocal folds?

A

produce sound

21
Q

what is the windpipe also known as?

A

the trachea

22
Q

what is the function of the trachea?

A

connects the larynx to the right and lift bronchi

23
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

the point at which the trachea divides into the right and left bronchi

24
Q

what happens during internal respiration?

A

air from the bronchi travels to the bronchioles, then to tiny air sacs (alveoli) which connect to lung capillaries

25
Q

what happens in the alveoli?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged, oxygen is delivered to the body cells

26
Q

how many lobes does each lung have?

A

right lung has three lobes, left lung has two lobes

27
Q

what is the function of the pleura?

A

makes movement in the thoracic cavity easier

28
Q

what is the outer membrane layer?

A

parietal pleura

29
Q

what is the inner membrane layer?

A

visceral pleura

30
Q

what is the space b/w the two pleurae?

A

pleural cavity

31
Q

what are the three sections of each lung?

A

apex (top), hilum, base (lower)

32
Q

what is the passage of air

A

nose/mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea
lungs
bloodstream

33
Q

what are the two major muscles for breathing?

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

34
Q

what do the muscles for breathing do?

A

contract to enlarge the thoracic cavity

35
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

spaces within the bones

36
Q

what are the four paranasal sinuses?

A

maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

37
Q

what are the functions of paranasal sinuses?

A

reduce the weight of the skull & are resonant chambers for the voice

38
Q

what is the resting tidal volume?

A

amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle (normal breath)

39
Q

what is an avg. tidal volume?

A

400-500 mL

40
Q

what is the vital capacity?

A

lung capacity, the amt. of air that can be. forced in/out by taking a deep breath

41
Q

what is the avg. vital capacity?

A

3-5 L

respiratory system (2 decks)

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