Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Physiology > Structure And Digestive Properties > Flashcards

Structure And Digestive Properties Flashcards

0
Q

Jejunum

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Duodenum

A

Site of entry of pancreatic and biliary secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ileum

A

Reabsorption of bile salts

Hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food molecules by enzyme action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 spatial categories of digestive enzymes

A

Intraluminal: secreted, work in the SI lumen

Membrane associated: apical membrane of epithelial cells

Intracellular: enzymes within the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pancreas

A

Enzyme secretion : trysinogen, amylase,lipase

Bicarbonate secretion
Hormone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acinar cells

A

Exocrine secretion

Enzymes ( amylase,lipase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Duct cells

A

Exocrine secretions

Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trypsin

A

Activate the pancreatic zymogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gallbladder

A

Storage organ for bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bile salts

A

Made from cholesterol

Modified to have polar end

Non polar interacts with fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endocrine regulation of bile secretion

A

CCK: relaxes Sphincter of Oddi, gallbladder contractions

Secretin: bicarbonate secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive Feedback of bile secretion

A

Bile acids reabsorbed in ileum and return to liver

Increases bile production as long as CCK keeps gallbladder contracting and sphincter open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absorption

A

Must cross apical and basolateral membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monosaccharides, amino acids and water soluble vitamins absorption

A

Carrier-mediated transport (active or passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electrolytes and mineral absorption

A

Through channels

Carrier mediated transport (active or passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fats and fat soluble vitamins absorption

A

Lipid micelles diffuse through membrane

Chylomicron synthesis and release into lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cecum

A 
Blind sac
   Paired in birds
   Enlarged in hind guy fermenters
Microbial fermentation (some species) and VFA absorption
Water and electrolyte absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Colon

A 
Microbial fermentation ( some species) and VFA absorption 
Water abs electrolyte absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rectum

A

Not in birds, cloaca instead

Storage if feces prior to defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Microbes –>

A

Fiber (cellulose)–> glucose –>VFA

22
Q

What does VFA stand for?

A

Volatile Fatty Acid

23
Q

3 types of VFAs

A

Acetic
Propionic
Butyric

24
Q

2 types of neurons in the enteric nervous system

A

Receptor and sensory neurons: mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors
Motor neurons: innervate gut muscle, blood vessel muscle, glands
Release neurocrines

25
Q

Neurocrines

A

Released from motor neurons in response to an action potential

26
Q

ENS communicates with the CNS through autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic motor neurons: stimulatory

Sympathetic motor neurons: inhibitory

27
Q

Motility

A

Movement of gut wall

28
Q

Roles of motility

A

Moves digesta along GIT
Retains digesta for digestion,absorption,storage
Physically breaks down food, mix it with secretions
Bring digesta in contact with absorptive surface

29
Q

Peristalsis

A

Main propulsive motility pattern
Occurs from the esophagus to the end of the large intestine
Coordinated contraction of longitudinal and circular smooth muscles

30
Q

Peristalsis behind the bolus

A

Circular muscles-contracted

Longitudinal muscles- relaxed

31
Q

Peristalsis ahead of the bolus

A

Circular muscles-relaxed

Longitudinal muscles-contracted

32
Q

Net effect of peristalsis

A

Bolus pushed down the GIT

33
Q

Segmentation

A 
Non propulsive motility pattern
Allows digesta to be retained in a segment of the intestine 
Allows mixing with secretions
Gives time for absorption to occur 
Small and large intestine
34
Q

How does segmentation work?

A

Contraction of short segments of circular muscles creates areas of constricted and displayed lumen

35
Q

Avian foregut digestion: Crop

A

Mucous secretion

36
Q

Avian foregut digestion: proventriculus

A

Glands secrete acid, mucous and pepsinogen

Similar gastric,cephalic and intestinal phases as in mammals

37
Q

Gizzard

A

Muscular contractions move digesta between proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum

38
Q

Motility in the stomach: proximal region

A

Adaptive relaxation: stomach expands to accommodate digesta: storage
Keeps pressure in stomach constant

39
Q

Motility in the stomach: distal region

A

Peristalsis: pushes digesta towards the pyloric sphincter (which is constricted) =mixing and grinding
Only small particles can leave the stomach

40
Q

Small intestine motility: during digestion:

A

Peristalsis moves digesta for short distances, followed by cycles of segmentation contractions
Moves digesta down GIT
Allows for mixing and absorption

41
Q

Small intestine motility: inter digestive phase:

A

Powerful waves of peristalsis
Covers large distances
Pushes remaining material out of SI

42
Q

Large intestinal motility: segmentation

A

Allows for mixing, fermentation, and absorption (cecum and colon)

43
Q

Large intestinal motility: retropulsion(antiperistalsis)

A

In the colon, waves of contraction that move in the direction of the cecum/small intestine
Retains digesta for longer, mixing
Opposed by the inflow of digesta from the ileum
In birds, moves material from cloaca back into LI

44
Q

Cellulose

A

Fiber
β 1-4 linkages of glucose
Mammalians cannot digest

45
Q

Starch

A

α 1-4 linkage

46
Q

Ruminants

A

Herbivores that consume a high fiber diet

47
Q

Examples of ruminants:

A

Cows sheep goats deer giraffes bison antelope oxen

48
Q

Ruminants 4 chambers

A

Reticulum
Rumen
Omasum
Abomasum

49
Q

Pseudo ruminants

A

Camels llamas and alpacas do not have omasum

50
Q

Foregut fermenters

A

Microbes found in reticulum and rumen

51
Q

What is the difference in non ruminants and ruminants?

A

Foregut

52
Q

Mouth of a ruminant

A

No upper incisors

53
Q

Chewing of a ruminant

A

Vertical and lateral motion

Animal Physiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions