Structure and Classification of Bones Flashcards
Long bones
Usually tubular e.g. the humerus
Short bones
Cuboidal and only found in the tarsus (ankle) and carpus (wrist)
Flat bones
Usually serve protective functions e.g. the cranium
Irregular bones
Have various shapes other than long short or flat, e.g. the facial bones
Sesamoid bones
Develop in certain tendons and are found where tendons cross the long bones in the limb e.g. the patella
Periosteum
A fibrous connective tissue covering that surrounds each skeletal element
Perichondrium
The fibrous connective tissue surrounding cartilage
Compact bone
Dense and has few spaces, forms the outer surface of all bones and contributes to the diaphysis of long bones.
Cancellous bone
Sometimes called spongy (trabecular). Made up of thin columns of bone (trabeculae) that form an irregular network surrounded by many spaces
Medullary cavity
Central cavity of bone shafts where red/yellow bone marrow is stored
Articular cartilage
Provides smooth low friction surfaces for free movement
Epiphysis
The rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with an adjacent bone. it is covered with articular cartilage
Metaphysis
The neck portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
Diaphysis
The main or midsection of a long bone, composed of compact bone which surrounds a narrow cavity
Endosteum
A thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones
Bone marking
Appear wherever tendons, ligaments, fascias are attached or where arteries lie adjacent to or enter bones
Body
The principle mass of bone
Capitulum
Small, round, articular head
Condyle
Rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occurring in pairs
Crest
Ridge of bone e.g. the iliac crest
Epicondyle
Eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle
Facet
Smooth, flat area usually covered with articular cartilage
Fissure
A slit like opening
Foramen
Passage through a bone, usually transmits nerves or blood vessels
