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Applied Science Biology > Structure and cell functions > Flashcards

Structure and cell functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A cell lacking membrane bound organelles with loose, looped DNA

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2
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

A cell with membrane bound organelles and structured DNA

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3
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

Where DNA is stored in prokaryotes

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4
Q

What is a tonoplast?

A

A partially permeable membrane surrounding the vacuole

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5
Q

What is a centriole?

A

Tubes of microfilaments forming spindle like tubes during mitosis

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6
Q

What are the three parts of cell theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of cells
  2. The cell is the most basic unit of structure and cells organise and form organisms
  3. Cells cannot form spontaneously, all cells arise from other cells
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7
Q

Prokaryotes

What is a plasmid?
What are they responsible for?

A

Plasmids are small circular loops of DNA
They are responsible for antibiotic resistance

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8
Q

Prokaryotes

What are 70s (Svedberg) ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins

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9
Q

Prokaryotes

What is a nucleoid?

A

A nucleoid is like a nucleus, but lacks an enclosed membrane. Dna is a single loop.

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10
Q

Prokaryotes

Features of the cell wall?

A

A cell wall made out of peptidoglycan supporting and protecting the cell

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11
Q

Prokaryotes

What is a capsule?

A

A ‘slime’ that protects the cell and ensures it doesn’t dry out

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12
Q

Eukaryotes

What is a vesicle?

A

Sacs filled with substances requiring transport around or out of cells

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13
Q

Eukaryotes

What are lysosomes?

A

Sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste

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14
Q

Eukaryotes

What are 80s ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis located in the cytoplasm and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the nucleus?

A

Stores genetic material and has a nucleolus which makes RNA and ribosomes

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16
Q

Eukaryotes

What is a plasma membrane?

A

A plasma membrane acts as a barrier and allows certain substances to cross into the cell

17
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

Receives, modifies and packages proteins

18
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The site of protein synthesis and transport to the golgi apparatus

19
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The site of lipid and carbs synthesis and transport

20
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Containing chemicals

21
Q

Eukaryotes

What is the mitochondria?

A

Site of cellular respiration - energy is released

22
Q

Eukaryotes

What are centrioles?

A

Produce spindle fibres for cell division

23
Q

Plant cell addition

What is a vacuole?

A

Membrane bound sac which maintains pressure and stores cell sap

24
Q

Plant cell addition

What are chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

25
Q

Plant cell addition

What are amyloplasts?

A

Membrane bound sacs which synthesises and stores starch granules

26
Q

Plant cell addition

What is a plasmodesmata?

A

Strands of membrane that pass between cells for transport and communication

27
Q

Plant cell addition

What is a cell wall?

A

Protects and supports the cell, made of cellulose

28
Q

Plant cell addition

What are pits?

A

Pores between cells allowing water to enter and leave cells

29
Q

What are the 6 steps to gram staining?

A
  1. Bacteria culture smeared onto slide
  2. Heat applied to fix bacteria
  3. Crystal violet stain
  4. Iodine to trap Crystal violet
  5. Alcohol to rinse excess stain
  6. Counterstain eg Safranin to stain unstained bacteria
30
Q

What colour does gram positive bacteria produce?

A

Purple

31
Q

What colour does gram negative bacteria produce?

A

Pink/red

32
Q

Gram positive bacteria have a t_____ p_______ c_____ w_____

A

thick peptidoglycan cell wall

33
Q

Gram negative bacteria have a f_____ l_____

A

fatty later

34
Q

What bacteria isn’t treatable with antibiotics?

A

Gram negative

Applied Science Biology (1 decks)

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