structure and bonding Flashcards
what is a nonpolar covalent bond?
two atoms that share electrons
equally share electrons
same electronegativity
what is a polar covalent bond?
difference in electronegativity
positive and negative side
what is ionic bonding?
atoms with a large difference in electronegativity
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
atom loses electrons
how to know if its an ionic or covalent bonding
ionic conduct electricity in molten or dissolved in water
ionic high mp
ionic are soluble in water
what is london dispersion forces
weak force
caused by uneven distribution of moving electrons
happens between atoms and molecules
main force in non polar
what is a temporary dipole?
one side of an atom has excess electrons and other is limiting
what is induced dipole?
when the temporary dipole causes neighboring atoms to shift electrons
what is permanent dipole permanent dipole interactions?
happens between polar molecules
stronger than ldf
what is hydrogen bonding?
strongest bond
high mp
H joined to N,O or F
Describe solubility
polar solvents can dissolve in polar and ionic substances
polar and ionic substances will not dissolve in nonpolar substances
non polar compounds can dissolve in nonpolar solvents
what is viscosity
how thick something is
how to increase viscosity
strong intermolecular forces between molecules
increasing hydroxyl groups in a molecule increases viscosity
describe density of ice
particles in a solid state are more dense rather than liquid as they are closer together
when water turns solid it is less dense due to open lattice space between water molecules
allow ice to float in water
which bonding types is never found in elements?
polar covalent
