Structure And Bonding Flashcards
Are Metallic Bonds High hardness, medium hardness, or low hardness?
Low Hardness. Little energy is required to to overcome them. They have high melting and boiling points as there is a strong attraction to overcome between the valence electrons and the nuclei of neighbouring atoms.
Are metallic bonds malleable?
Yes, metallic bonds are easily malleable as their bonds are non-directional, and not in a fixed position.
Are metallic bonds ductile?
Yes, metals can be drawn into long strands because the charges are not fixed, so they can be moved without breaking.
Are metallic bonds soluble?
No, because the metallic bonds are too strong to be broken by the attraction to the water molecules.
Are metallic bonds conductive?
Metallic bonds have high conductivity, as their valence electrons are free to move throughout the structure in both solid and liquid states.
Are ionic bonds high hardness, medium hardness, or low hardness?
Medium hardness, quite strong but still breakable. Eg glass. Brittle.
Are ionic bonds malleable?
Ionic bonds are non-malleable because the bonds are directional. This means that they are brittle. If the oppositely charged ions were forced to shift position then like charges would be lined up and repel, causing the crystal (or whatever) to shatter.
Are ionic bonds ductile?
No, brittle. Opposite charges shift position, like charges line up and repel.
Are ionic bonds soluble?
Yes. Charges of water molecules can pull apart the charge of ions. This is because the ions are separated from the lattice due to attraction towards the polar water molecules which is sufficient to pull the ions from the lattice. Molecules of a non-polar solvent (eg cyclohexane) are not attracted toward the ions and so ionic solids are insoluble in these. Like dissolves like.
Are ionic bonds conductive?
Yes, but only when liquid (eg molten or dissolved). This is because liquid states allow the ions to become free to move and this allows the liquid to conduct electricity.
Are covalent bonds high hardness, low hardness, or medium hardness?
High hardness. A lot of strength/energy is required to break these bonds and separate atoms.
Are covalent bonds malleable?
No. The weak attractions between the layers of atoms are easily broken, therefore graphite is soft and slippery. A useful lubricant.
Are covalent bonds ductile?
No. Due to weak attractions between the layers of atoms in the networks.
Are covalent bonds soluble?
No.
Are covalent bonds conductive?
No. This is due to no freely moving charges atoms. However, graphite (solid) each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three others. This leaves one electron that is delocalised and is free to move. Because this electron is free to move, it carries charge and so graphite conducts electricity.
