Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is a compound?
A substance that contains two or more types of atom chemically bonded together.
Why do atoms want a full outer shell?
Because it gives an atom a stable electronic structure.
What is ionic bonding?
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions that holds ions in a compound together.
What is electrostatic attraction?
The force of attraction between negatively and positively charged ions.
What is ionic bonding between?
A metal and a non-metal.
What happens when a metal and a non-metal react?
Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal so that they both have full outermost shells. The metal atoms become positive ions and the non-metal atoms become negative ions so they are attracted to each other.
How does one draw an ionic structure?
Draw square brackets around the ion and a charge (-, 2+ etc) in the top right corner.
What is an ionic compound?
A giant lattice made of ions.
What is covalent bonding?
When two non-metals bond by sharing a pair of electrons. They are very strong.
How many electrons can the first electron shell of an atom hold?
2
How many electrons can the second electron shell of an atom hold?
8
How many electrons can the third electron shell of an atom hold?
8
How many electrons can the fourth electron shell of an atom hold?
2
What is a simple molecule?
A molecule made up of just a few atoms.
What six simple molecules only have single covalent bonds?
- Hydrogen (H2)
- Chlorine (Cl2)
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
- Methane (CH4)
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Water (H2O)
What is an example of a simple molecule that has a double covalent bond?
Oxygen (O2)
What is a macromolecule?
A giant structure in which all the atoms are covalently bonded together.
What are three examples of macromolecules?
- Silicon dioxide
- Diamond
- Graphite
Describe the structure of a metal.
Giant structures with atoms arranged in regular patterns.
What is metallic bonding?
When positive metal ions are held together by the electrostatic attraction between them and their delocalised electrons.
What is a delocalised electron?
An electron that isn’t associated with an atom or bond so can move freely around a structure.
