Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What is covalent bonding and how are the atoms held together?
Non metal atoms combine together by sharing electrons, the shared pair of electrons holds the two atoms together. A group of atoms bonded together in this way is called a molecule.
Name some examples of covalent molecules?
Hydrogen, water and ammonia
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is when a +ion bonds with a -ion and they form a ionic compound.
The atoms lose electrons to bond.
An example of a ionic bond?
Sodium chloride
Na is a +ion (metal)
Cl is a -ion (non-metal)
What is a isotope?
Isotopes are the atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same proton number but different masses.
Examples of isotopes?
Carbon 12, carbon 13 and carbon 14
Hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium
What can isotopes be used for?
Kill cancer cells,
smoke detectors and
sterilising medical equipment
What happens when the nuclei of a isotope is unstable?
They can split up and release radiation. Such isotopes are called radioactive isotopes
How is the relative atomic mass calculated for isotopes?
By taking a average of the masses of the atoms with isotopes
State the number configuration of shells on atoms?
2,8,8,18
What Is found in the nucleus of a atom?
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
What are noble gases?
They are elements with unreactive atoms. Their atoms are unreactive as they have a full outer shell of electrons.
State the charge of neutrons, protons and electrons?
Why is it important that they b …
Neutron = neutral Proton = + Electron = -
It is important that the charges balance each other out because then the atom has no overall charge, unless it becomes an ion
How do you work out the atomic mass of an atom?
Amount of protons + neutrons = atomic mass
Electrons = 0.00054 of a proton/neutron so are not included in the Atomic mass
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds
