Structure and Bonding Flashcards
cations
positively charged ions
😸ions are 🐾sitive
anions
negatively charged ions
cathode
negatively charged - anions attract
anode
positively charged - cations attract
PANIC
Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode
electrolysis
chemical decomposition of a liquid caused by the passage of direct electric current through it
ionic bonds
between a metal and a non-metal - loss/gain of electrons to complete their outer shells
covalent bonds
between non-metals - electron sharing to complete their outer shells
examples of ways to represent structures
- displayed formula
- dot and cross diagrams
- 3D ball and stick models
advantages of displayed formula
- shows 2D molecules
advantages of dot and cross diagrams
- shows what atoms each part comes from
advantages of the 3D ball and stick model
- represented as a 3D shape
- shows how atoms are connected and the space/angles between the bonds
disadvantages of displayed formula
- no way of visualising atoms together - how they are connected
disadvantages of dot and cross diagrams
- on paper - shows electrons in fixed positions
- different sizes
disadvantages of 3D ball and stick model
- does not show electrons
properties of monatomic structures
melting/boiling points: very low
conductivity as a solid: does not conduct
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble
properties of ionic structures
melting/boiling points: high
conductivity as a solid: does not conducts
conductivity when melted: conduct
solubility in water: usually soluble
conductivity of solution: conduct
properties of simple molecular structures
melting/boiling points: low
conductivity as a solid: does not conduct
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: usually insoluble
conductivity of solution: usually insoluble
properties of giant covalent structures
melting/boiling points: very high
conductivity as a solid: some do some don’t
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble
properties of metallic structures
melting/boiling points: high
conductivity as a solid: conduct
conductivity when melted: conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble
nanoparticles
very small particles ranging 1-100nm
uses of nanotechnology
- production of new catalysts
- new coatings
- new construction materials
- new electronic devices
- new sensors
- new suncreams
- new fabric treatments
nanotechnology in production of new catalysts
- improved activity and efficiency (up to 50 times more effective)
- 100% selective (reduces waste and pollution)
- improved lifetimes
nanotechnology in creating new coatings
- machinery coatings (prevent cracks, scratches, corrosion)
- coating of titanium dioxide - self cleaning windows
- coatings for aircraft wings (prevent wings from icing up)
