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Chemistry > Structure and Bonding > Flashcards

Structure and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

cations

A

positively charged ions
😸ions are 🐾sitive

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2
Q

anions

A

negatively charged ions

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3
Q

cathode

A

negatively charged - anions attract

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4
Q

anode

A

positively charged - cations attract

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5
Q

PANIC

A

Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode

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6
Q

electrolysis

A

chemical decomposition of a liquid caused by the passage of direct electric current through it

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7
Q

ionic bonds

A

between a metal and a non-metal - loss/gain of electrons to complete their outer shells

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8
Q

covalent bonds

A

between non-metals - electron sharing to complete their outer shells

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9
Q

examples of ways to represent structures

A
  • displayed formula
  • dot and cross diagrams
  • 3D ball and stick models
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10
Q

advantages of displayed formula

A
  • shows 2D molecules
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11
Q

advantages of dot and cross diagrams

A
  • shows what atoms each part comes from
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12
Q

advantages of the 3D ball and stick model

A
  • represented as a 3D shape
  • shows how atoms are connected and the space/angles between the bonds
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13
Q

disadvantages of displayed formula

A
  • no way of visualising atoms together - how they are connected
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14
Q

disadvantages of dot and cross diagrams

A
  • on paper - shows electrons in fixed positions
  • different sizes
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15
Q

disadvantages of 3D ball and stick model

A
  • does not show electrons
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16
Q

properties of monatomic structures

A

melting/boiling points: very low
conductivity as a solid: does not conduct
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble

17
Q

properties of ionic structures

A

melting/boiling points: high
conductivity as a solid: does not conducts
conductivity when melted: conduct
solubility in water: usually soluble
conductivity of solution: conduct

18
Q

properties of simple molecular structures

A

melting/boiling points: low
conductivity as a solid: does not conduct
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: usually insoluble
conductivity of solution: usually insoluble

19
Q

properties of giant covalent structures

A

melting/boiling points: very high
conductivity as a solid: some do some don’t
conductivity when melted: does not conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble

20
Q

properties of metallic structures

A

melting/boiling points: high
conductivity as a solid: conduct
conductivity when melted: conduct
solubility in water: insoluble
conductivity of solution: insoluble

21
Q

nanoparticles

A

very small particles ranging 1-100nm

22
Q

uses of nanotechnology

A
  • production of new catalysts
  • new coatings
  • new construction materials
  • new electronic devices
  • new sensors
  • new suncreams
  • new fabric treatments
23
Q

nanotechnology in production of new catalysts

A
  • improved activity and efficiency (up to 50 times more effective)
  • 100% selective (reduces waste and pollution)
  • improved lifetimes
24
Q

nanotechnology in creating new coatings

A
  • machinery coatings (prevent cracks, scratches, corrosion)
  • coating of titanium dioxide - self cleaning windows
  • coatings for aircraft wings (prevent wings from icing up)
25
Q

nanotechnology in new electronic devices

A
  • computers etc
  • small size means they conduct very well
  • being considered as a replacement for silicone
26
Q

nanotechnology in development of new sensors

A
  • important development in medicine
  • provide information on blood glucose/oxygen levels, temperature, fatigue
  • others for bacteria - incorporated into food packaging
27
Q

nanotechnology for new suncreams

A
  • contain titanium dioxide particles
  • very efficient at absorbing light
  • leaves no white smears on skin
28
Q

nanotechnology in new fabric treatments

A
  • treated to prevent smell and damp and to stop UV light passing through to avoid staining
29
Q

forms of carbon

A
  • diamond
  • graphite
  • fullerenes
  • graphene
30
Q

diamond

A
  • very hard
  • cannot conduct electricity
    GIANT COVALENT
31
Q

graphite

A
  • soft and slippery - weak forces broken easily
  • conducts electricity
    GIANT COVALENT
32
Q

fullerenes

A
  • carbon can form fullerenes with different numbers of carbon atoms
    SIMPLE MOLECULAR
33
Q

graphene

A
  • single layer of graphite
  • high electrical conductivity
  • 200x stronger than steel
    GIANT COVALENT

Chemistry (9 decks)

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